![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
|||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
|||
![]() |
|
|
Print Chapter 5 (PDF 360KB) | < - Report Home < - Chapter 4 : Chapter 6 - > |
Administration issues
Training of polling officials
Compensation of polling officials
Staffing of polling booths
Polling booths
Dual (joint) polling booths
Size and position of signs/advertisements around polling booths
How-to-vote cards
Richmond Electorate: Liberals for Forests HTV
Other complaints about HTVs
Alternatives to HTVs
The need for HTVs
Voting
Absent voting
Provisional voting
Prisoner voting
Homeless voting
Mobile polling
Assisted voting
Fraudulent voting
Senate
Group Voting Tickets
5.1 | In this chapter, the Committee examines issues which can be conveniently grouped as relating mainly to the conduct of the election on polling day itself. The topics considered are:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Administration issues |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Training of polling officials |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.2 | The AEC reported that it spent nearly $80,000 on the training of polling staff, and that approximately 67,000 temporary staff assisted in the conduct of the election.1 Officers in charge of polling places received payment for three hours of home study and three hours to attend a training session. Polling officials issuing declaration votes receive payment for one hour of home study and one hour to attend a training session. Polling officials issuing ordinary votes would also be expected to spend an hour reading the manual and completing homework exercises.2 The AEC noted that many election staff have worked at a number of elections, building up extensive experience.3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.3 | A number of submissions considered that the training provided was inadequate,4 citing examples of:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.4 | The Committee was particularly concerned by reports that polling place staff were unfamiliar with the legislated requirements in relation to provisional voting and Group Voting Tickets. The Committee noted that the AEC had undertaken to include in polling official training sessions a segment on the reasons behind providing Group Voting Ticket booklets to voters. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.5 | The Committee concluded that the variety of issues raised did not indicate a systemic problem with the AEC training for polling place personnel. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.6 | The Committee did, however, note, and share, concerns that the ageing of the population will bring the retirement of polling officials with long experience, with the consequent need for the AEC to ensure that training programs are designed to replace this expertise.12 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.7 | In this regard, the Committee was concerned at the apparently low expenditure of 0.06% of the election budget on the specific training of polling staff.13 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.8 | Recommendation 22The Committee recommends that the AEC review the proportion of its election budget allocated to training polling booth staff. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation of polling officials |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.9 | Polling officials issuing ordinary votes or working as ballot box guards or queue controllers were paid $279, a 5% increase on the rate for similar polling officials at the 2001 Federal Election. The rate was based on 14 hours and included a component for home study.14 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.10 | One submission claimed that the amount of home study required to understand the responsibilities of polling officials was inadequate.15 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.11 | The question of the adequacy of payment in relation to the amount of home study was an issue which the AEC should consider in its examination of training. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Staffing of polling booths |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.12 | Evidence to the Committee drew attention to the queues at polling booths and queried whether the AEC was allocating sufficient staff to polling places.16 One solution proposed was that additional staff be allocated for the expected busy periods.17 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.13 | Another related issue was the hours staff were required to work. The AEC indicated that the remuneration paid to polling officials was based on 14 hours (including a component for home study), and that, in most booths staff would complete their work by 10.00pm.18 However, one submission noted the physical demands on polling officers during the long hours involved at some polling places.19 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.14 | The Committee noted that the effectiveness of officials would be affected by demanding days of such duration and considered that additional staff should be allocated to booths which have experienced problems before, or have predictably high voter turn out, and during busy periods. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.15 | Recommendation 23The Committee recommends that the AEC ensure that it has sufficient staff to meet peak demands at known busy polling places, if need be through the use of casual staffing at peak times. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Polling booths |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.16 | The operation of polling booths attracted comments during the Committee’s review of the 2004 election. In addition to comments on the operation of polling booths, the Committee was advised to consider a few specific issues. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dual (joint) polling booths |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.17 | The AEC established dual polling places in most divisions for the 2004 election. The AEC stated:
This assessment is made for each division by the Divisional Returning Officer.21 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.18 | According to the AEC, if the polling place is issuing sufficient absent votes for a second division to require three declaration vote issuing officers for voters for that division, then there is sufficient justification for establishing a dual polling place.22 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.19 | Mr Mark Powell, citing the experience in the Queensland electorates of McPherson and Moncrieff, urged the curtailment of the use of dual booths because voters:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.20 | The submission also claimed that joint booths are wasteful of AEC resources and they disadvantage minor party and independent candidates.24 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.21 | The Committee noted that the two electorates concerned had hosted the largest number of dual booths of all divisions—17 between them.25 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.22 | The Committee notes there are some benefits that flow from dual polling booths, namely:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.23 | Notwithstanding these benefits, there are obvious difficulties which also arise at dual polling booths. The practice of political candidates having volunteers man booths, often leads to dual polling booths having large numbers of volunteers from adjoining seats touting electors and potentially giving rise to confusion as to the candidates and the seat. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.24 | The Committee is of the view that widespread use of dual polling booths between adjoining seats is likely to give rise to the view that electors are able to vote in any booth, regardless of the seat in which they are enrolled. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.25 | In order to minimise elector confusion and to maximise the advantages of dual polling booths, the Committee found a higher threshold than the current ought to apply to establish a dual polling place. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.26 | Recommendation 24The Committee recommends that the AEC increase the thresholds for joint polling booths to a level to be determined through consultation with the JSCEM. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Size and position of signs/advertisements around polling booths |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.27 | Section 340 of the CEA prohibits exhibiting any notice or sign (other than an official notice relating to an election) within six metres of the entrance to a polling booth, but does not give the AEC power to regulate activities outside of these limits.27 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.28 | Most of the issues brought to the Committee’s attention in relation to signs at polling booths were summarised in the submission from the Australian Greens:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.29 | Submissions suggested that there should be a size limit on advertising that can be displayed at polling booths, a limitation on the number of such signs one party may display, and a prohibition on advertising material being displayed on a polling booth fence or perimeter prior to 6 am on election day.30 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.30 | In the Committee’s view, the practices complained of affected smaller parties more than the larger ones, which had the resources for more and larger signs, and often more personnel to deploy to reserve desirable locations outside booths. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.31 | The Committee noted that in New South Wales there is a limit to the size of advertising posters which can be displayed.31 There is, however, apparently no limit to the number, so the monopolisation of space near polling booths complained of in submissions would still be possible. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.32 | The Committee does not, however, believe that there should be any change to the existing arrangements. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
How-to-vote cards |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.33 | Section 340 of the CEA prohibits the handing out of how-to-vote cards (HTVs) and other canvassing within six metres of the entrance to a polling booth on polling day. The CEA does not give the AEC power to regulate activities outside of these limits.32 HTVs are a common, but not universal, element of polling days in Australia. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.34 | The Committee received submissions about HTVs complaining that some were misleading, proposing alternatives to their use, and questioning the need for them. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.35 | A number of instances where it was alleged that HTVs had misled voters were drawn to the Committees attention.33 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Richmond Electorate: Liberals for Forests HTV |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.36 | At the 2004 Federal Election the Liberals for Forests Party fielded candidates in seven House of Representatives seats in New South Wales and, across Australia, ten Senate candidates.34 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.37 | On election day, the AEC received complaints about the Liberals for Forests HTVs in the electorates of Greenway, Page, Parramatta, and Richmond.35 The substance of the complaints was that the card breached section 329 of the CEA which provides that:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.38 | The AEC response on election day was that the HTVs were not in breach of section 329 of the CEA. In reaching this conclusion, the AEC later advised the Committee that although the section covers “misleading or deceiving electors”, in the wake of court decisions:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.39 | The Liberal Party argued that, notwithstanding the interpretation of the CEA, the Liberals for Forests HTV was misleading and confusing to voters because:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.40 | The significance of these potentially misleading HTVs was that the narrow margin deciding the seat of Richmond— just 301 votes on a two party preferred basis. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.41 | The Nationals claimed that it was:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.42 | Seeking to pursue this issue further, the Committee held one of its public hearings in the Richmond electorate at Tweed Heads. It invited the Liberals for Forests candidate, Ms Fiona Tyler, to appear at the hearing, but she did not respond. There was also no response to the Committee’s later invitation to attend a public hearing in Sydney, which was where she lived at the time of the election. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.43 | The Committee asked the Federal Labor Member for Richmond, Ms Justine Elliot MP, to appear before the hearing in Tweed Heads (within her electorate), given that she was a candidate and benefited from Liberals for Forests preferences. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.44 | Ms Elliot declined to appear and was invited to send a representative in her absence, but also declined this offer. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.45 | The Greens candidate, Mrs Susanna Flower and representatives of The Nationals both appeared and gave evidence. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.46 | Following the hearing the Chair wrote to Ms Elliot and asked her to appear at a hearing of the Committee in Canberra during parliamentary sittings at a time of her convenience. Ms Elliot did not reply to the correspondence. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.47 | The Committee did, however, hear from Dr Keith Woollard, President and Secretary of Liberals for Forests, when it held public hearings in the party’s home State of Western Australia. Dr Woollard indicated that the HTV was designed in New South Wales and that he had not seen it, although he was aware of the content.40 The Committee noted that, nevertheless, his name was on the HTV as having authorised it. Dr Woollard later confirmed in writing that he had in fact authorised the HTV without sighting it.41 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.48 | The result in the Richmond Electorate was one of the closest of the 2004 Federal Election. One indicator of this was the fact that the first seats of the 2004 Federal Election were declared on 20 October,42 but Richmond was not declared until 28 October 2004. The winning margin was only 301 votes after the distribution of preferences.43 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.49 | Therefore only 151 people needed to be misled to affect the result and, as the Committee heard from witnesses, this had happened. Ms B Smith stated:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.50 | Similarly, Mrs S Flower commented:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.51 | The Liberals for Forests candidate received 1,417 primary votes. Their HTVs directed preferences to the Greens, then the Australian Democrats, then to the Labor candidate ahead of The Nationals, as was their right.46 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.52 | The Committee heard evidence from four persons directly involved in the campaign in Richmond: Mr Andrew Sochacki, the local Chairman of the National Party; Mrs Susanna Flower, the Australian Greens candidate; Mr Thomas Tabart, Mrs Flower’s campaign manager; and Ms Bronwyn Smith, who was not a member of a political party. All witnesses expressed concern at the behaviour and strategies of the Liberals for Forests candidate, in particular the how-to-vote card. The view of those witnesses was captured by Mrs Flower’s characterisation of the party’s candidacy:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.53 | Those witnesses agreed that the number of people whom it would be necessary to deceive, by deceptively drawing and ultimate preference away from Mr Anthony so as to alter the result, was 151. On the basis of direct and anecdotal evidence, Mrs Flower, with whom Mr Tabart agreed, was of the view that a substantial number of people would have been so misled (or “tricked”), possibly more than 151.48 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.54 | Mr Sochacki reported “confusion” which was “reasonably widespread”49, and was of the view, on the basis of direct evidence of complaints and anecdotal evidence received from National Party booth workers, that the number of people intending ultimately to vote for Mr Anthony who were misled by the how-vote-card was “in excess of one in 10 people who followed it”50, i.e. in excess of 151. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.55 | Mrs Smith, not a member of a political party, took the trouble to write to the AEC to complain, in a letter of 21 February 2005, in which she asserted that:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.56 | However, their HTV clearly caused confusion in the eyes of many voters— who thought they were voting Liberal:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.57 | She agreed with the following proposition:53
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.58 | Like the other witnesses, Ms Smith characterised the number of people who were misled as “substantial”.55 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.59 | In view of the above uncontradicted evidence the Committee believes that, on the balance of probabilities, the misleading of voters by the Liberals for Forests how-to-vote card caused the defeat of Mr Anthony. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.60 | Therefore, the Committee believes that, given the closeness of the election, it was the decisive factor which resulted in Ms Elliot and the ALP winning the seat. That is: had the Liberals for Forests not engaged in misleading and deceptive conduct to present themselves as the Liberal Party of Australia and direct more than enough of those votes via preferences to the Australian Labor Party, the National’s Mr Anthony would have retained the seat. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.61 | As a consequence, the Committee holds that Ms Elliot was elected as a result of preferences on the basis of deceptions by Liberals for Forests. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.62 | The Committee would have liked to have reached a definitive conclusion as to whether Ms Elliot and the local Australian Labor Party officials were aware of or involved in any way with the planned deception by Liberals for Forests. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.63 | Ms Elliot’s refusal to appear or answer correspondence requesting her to appear means that no involvement can either be proved or disproved. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other complaints about HTVs |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.64 | The AEC received complaints that HTVs for one candidate in Melbourne Ports resembled those of the Australian Greens candidate in that they were in the same vertical format and the same colour as the Australian Greens’ HTV.56 Some submissions claimed that this confused voters.57 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.65 | The AEC dismissed the complaint, reiterating the position that:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.66 | The Liberal Party pointed out to the Committee that the relevant HTV:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.67 | During the Committee’s hearings in Canberra, the Deputy Chair of the Committee Mr Michael Danby MP raised this issue with the AEC. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.68 | The Deputy Electoral Commissioner, Mr Paul Dacey, who had attended to the original complaint advised that he:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.69 | The AEC also received complaints that a further source of potential confusion was that the HTVs were:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.70 | That this occurred was disputed.62 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.71 | The Committee finds that the Liberal party HTV distributed in the electorate of Melbourne Ports was not a misleading HTV. Concerns about misleading conduct in the circulation of HTV cards are considered in Chapter 12, Campaigning in the new millennium. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.72 | More generally, the Committee considered that the issue of misleading HTVs is one which might be collectively examined by the relevant ministers at the Council of Australian Governments (COAG). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alternatives to HTVs |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.73 | The main origins of proposals made to the Committee for alternative means of notifying voters of party preferences were concerns that electors were being harassed on their way into the polling booths,63 and that the production of HTVs was environmentally unsound.64 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.74 | Solutions proposed to address these objections were: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.75 | The Committee noted that a 100 metre exclusion zone68 had substantially reduced the use of HTVs at polling booths in the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly elections, and that in South Australia HTVs are fixed to the wall of each polling booth.69 The Committee understands that the AEC already provides re-cycling bins for HTVs at the polling places. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The need for HTVs |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.76 | The most radical submissions questioned the need for HTVs. Mr G Ryall argued that HTVs encourage:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.77 | Mr E Laurila commented:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.78 | The Committee agreed that HTVs serve a variety of functions. At the broadest level they are a way to influence voters who are undecided on how they will vote even as they arrive at the polling location. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.79 | Among those who have decided for whom they wish to vote, the HTVs provide guidance on how their preferred candidate or party recommends they distribute their preferences. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.80 | In addition to their use in influencing electors’ voting decisions, HTVs serve another political function. They offer partisan supporters the opportunity to do something practical and public to assist their chosen party in a way which has the potential to decide an election. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.81 | At another level, the often day-long activity associated with handing out HTVs can be a catalyst for other community activities in the vicinity of the polling places. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.82 | As it concluded in its report on the 2001 Federal Election, the Committee thinks that the distribution of HTVs on election day mobilises democratic participation and keeps political parties in touch with their membership base.72 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Voting |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.83 | A total of 13,098,461 voters were enrolled to vote on the polling day and 12,644,207 cast their votes.73 Four in every five of these were “ordinary” votes, i.e. those cast by voters in the division in which they were enrolled. This proportion (80.6%) was lower than in 2001 (82.2%). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.84 | The proportion casting “declaration” votes increased, particularly the pre-poll and postal votes which have been reviewed in Chapter 3, Voting in the pre-election period, which deals with voting prior to the polling day. This section addresses the balance of the 2,448,748 “declaration” votes—the absent and provisional votes. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table 4.1 Votes, numbers and % of total: 2001 and 2004
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Absent voting |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.85 | Absent voting takes place when an elector casts a vote for the division in which they are enrolled but at a polling place in another division in the State or Territory in which they are enrolled. 74 At the 2004 Federal Election the proportion of absent votes cast was lower than in 2001 (6.8% vs 7.1%). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provisional voting |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.86 | The proportion of provisional votes cast in the 2004 Federal Election was the same as in 2001. Provisional voting occurs when:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marked off as having voted |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.87 | Electors might be marked off on the roll at the polling station because of:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.88 | Provisional votes are checked during the AEC preliminary scrutiny. If the elector is eligible, their vote is admitted to the count. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.89 | In the Committee’s view this situation could be avoided by requiring those wishing to cast provisional votes to provide identification and proof of address at the polling booth. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not able to be found on the roll |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.90 | A person’s name may not be found on the roll because:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.91 | At the AEC preliminary scrutiny of provisional votes, those whose names had not been able to be found at the time of the vote, but, were subsequently found to be on the roll would be admitted to the count. The provisional votes of those who were not enrolled (and who were not entitled to be enrolled at the time of the poll) and those who provided a fictitious name would be eliminated from the count. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.92 | Those whose names were absent because they hade been removed from the roll through lack of response to AEC inquiries would also be admitted to the count if the AEC records established that they had been enrolled and were not enrolled elsewhere on polling day. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.93 | The Committee was alerted to the possibility that this fact could be exploited to influence the result of the poll in marginal electorates. A number of people could enrol in the electorate without living there by getting compliant witnesses to sign their enrolment form. If they had subsequently been removed from the roll through failing to respond to AEC correspondence they could still claim a right to vote (unless they subsequently enrolled in another division). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.94 | The Nationals claimed in evidence to the Committee that, in marginal electorates, it could be possible to influence the result of the poll by deceptively enrolling sufficient voters to do so. 76 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.95 | As a remedy, it was recommended to the Committee that provisional voting should no longer be permitted and, instead, voters be required to keep their details up to date.77 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.96 | The Committee’s view was that the recommendation to remove the opportunity for provisional voting altogether did not take account of the number of situations outlined above where an elector’s right to vote was being questioned because of circumstances outside their control—such as inadvertent removal or marking off. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.97 | The Committee considered that requiring provisional voters to identify themselves would remove the possibility of provisional votes being cast by persons with assumed identities. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.98 | In examining this, the Committee referred to the Electoral and Referendum Amendment (Enrolment Integrity and Other Measures) Act 2004 which provides that, to enrol, a person must provide a drivers licence number or have two electors vouch for their identity.78 As it argued in Chapter 2, Enrolment, the Committee considered that these provisions were insufficiently comprehensive, and preferred the identification requirement set out in the proposed Regulations of 2001:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.99 | However, the need to enable electors to cast their ballots as quickly as possible meant that a more readily checked form of identification was required for polling day. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.100 | The Committee believed that a driver’s licence would provide a means of speedy identification to AEC officials for those wanting to cast a provisional vote. As a significant majority of voters hold a driver’s licence, and are likely to have it with them on polling day, this would be first form of identification sought by the AEC from those wanting to cast a provisional vote. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.101 | Recommendation 25The Committee recommends that, at the next Federal Election, those wishing to cast a provisional vote should produce photographic identification. Voters unable to do so at the polling booth on election day would be permitted to vote, but their ballots would not be included in the count unless they provide the necessary documentation to the DRO by close of business on the Friday following election day. Where it was impracticable for an elector to attend a DRO’s office, a photocopy of the identification, either faxed or mailed to the DRO, would be acceptable. Those who do not possess photographic identification should present one of the other forms of identification acceptable to the AEC for enrolment. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.102 | The Committee recognised that this measure alone would not solve the potential problem of deceptively enrolling people in the electorate. However, in combination with the recommendations in Chapter 2 Enrolment about proof of identification and address for enrolment, the measures should not only improve the integrity of the roll and the count, but also provide barriers to the fraudulent enrolment complained of in submissions. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prisoner voting |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.103 | Since 2004 persons who are otherwise entitled to vote but are serving a prison sentence of three years or more have been precluded from voting. Other prisoners entitled to vote may enrol as a GPV or apply for a Postal Vote, or vote a prison mobile poll.80 The AEC provided 17 prison mobile polls for the 2004 Federal Election.81 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.104 | The submission from the Liberal Party welcomed:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.105 | The Public Interest Advocacy Centre argued against prisoner disenfranchisement because Australia, as a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, is required to legislate to ensure equal and universal suffrage.83 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.106 | Further, the PIAC submitted that section 41 of the Constitution prevents the Commonwealth from excluding a person from voting in a Federal Election if that person has a right to vote in state elections. The end result is inconsistency across the national electorate in that prisoners in:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.107 | Professor Brian Costar argued that:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.108 | However, the Hon. Senator Eric Abetz, Special Minister of State responsible for the AEC, has a different view:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.109 | The Committee believes that persons sentenced to a period of full-time imprisonment should not be allowed to a vote during that time and urgesthe Government to pursue this through legislative change as soon as possible.87 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Homeless voting |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.110 | In its review of the 2001 Federal Election, the Committee recommended that:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.111 | According to the joint submission by the Public Interest Law Clearing House (PILCH), Homeless Persons’ Legal Clinic and the Council to Homeless Persons many of the AEC strategies being considered and developed to improve homeless voter education, enrolment and participation, including simplification of the Itinerant Elector Application Form, were not implemented in time for the 2004 Federal Election.89 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.112 | The Committee was told that, at the time of the 2004 Federal Election, between 54% and 76% of the 64,000 homeless people who were eligible to vote did not do so.90 One in five voted as ordinary electors, and one in 25 as itinerant electors.91 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.113 | The Committee was advised that, although their political orientation had not been specifically investigated the homeless population was very diverse, as were its political preferences.92 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.114 | The AEC, in conjunction with the Swinburne Institute for Social Research, conducted research on the homeless in Melbourne in 2004. One of its findings was that 64% of the participants expressed a desire to vote, indicating that they did not do so because they did not know how to engage with the system and therefore found it easier to stay off the electoral roll.93 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.115 | The report published by Swinburne concluded, as did another study by the University of Queensland in Brisbane, that the main factors which discouraged homeless people from voting were:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.116 | The detailed PILCH submission reported that the reasons advanced by the three in four of the homeless interviewed in Melbourne who did not vote were that they were:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.117 | In addition, the Swinburne report also identified that other impediments to homeless people voting were that they lacked and understanding of itinerant voting provisions, they did not have transport to polling stations, and they were unaware of the possibility that third parties could assist in the process of voting.99 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.118 | The Committee noted the extensive collaboration in research between the AEC and Swinburne which had already taken place and the AEC’s engagement with stakeholder representatives including the Victorian Electoral Commission in 2004 and 2005. This, the Committee believed, should be pursued with the aim of making necessary changes prior to the next Federal Election |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.119 | Recommendation 26The Committee recommends that the AEC continue its consultations with relevant parties and prior to the next Federal Election, as part of improving access to the franchise by those experiencing homelessness, as a minimum:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mobile polling |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.120 | In particular circumstances the CEA permits the AEC to establish mobile polling booths that visit electors to collect votes. The Committee was advised that mobile polling arrangements were not intended as a personal service to electors in their homes.100 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.121 | In addition to prison mobile polling mentioned above, for the 2004 Federal Election the AEC established 445 special hospital mobile polling places and 48 remote mobile polling teams.101 The latter are considered in Chapter 10, Geographical challenges in the modern age. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.122 | At some hospitals the AEC sets up ordinary, or 'static', polling places on polling day. Section 224 of the CEA provides that polling officials may visit patients in those hospitals who are unable to get to the static polling booth, in order to allow them to cast their votes. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.123 | However, there are a number of hospitals that do not have an ordinary polling place on polling day. In general these are smaller or specialist hospitals and nursing homes. For these hospitals, the AEC undertakes special hospital mobile polling. At the 445 special hospital mobile polling places, voting in Federal Elections may take place up to five days before polling day as well as on polling day itself.102 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.124 | A number of submissions urged that the AEC provide universal mobile polling for all aged care facilities.103 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.125 | In a similar vein, the submission from PILCH on homeless voters recommended that the CEA:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.126 | The Committee considered that the resource demands on the AEC in the week prior to polling day precluded more widespread use of mobile polling. It also acknowledged that there may be an increasing need for such arrangements to maintain the franchise for growing numbers of the elderly. However, it considered that this requirement was not yet of such a scale as to demand the automatic provision of mobile polling. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assisted voting |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.127 | The Committee received considerable evidence about the blind, one specific group of voters with a special need for assistance with voting from many sources, including:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.128 | The Committee was told that when blind electors relied on another person to cast their vote, the blind elector lost rights which others automatically held, such as the right to:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.129 | A number of submissions focussed on the potential for such voters’ intentions to be thwarted or their votes influenced by those assisting them to cast their ballot.107 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.130 | One proposed solution was that these voters use only an AEC official to mark their ballot.108 Another was for the AEC to ensure that its staff received disability awareness and flexible service delivery training.109 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.131 | Another proposed remedy to allow special needs voters to cast their vote privately, and independently verify it, was a system described in numerous submissions as electronically assisted voting (EAV).110 This system is described in detail in Chapter 11, Technology and the electoral system. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.132 | The Committee agreed that the current provision whereby assistance is provided to electors in casting their votes also provided an opportunity for the vote of the elector requiring the assistance, to be misused by the person providing the assistance. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.133 | Under section 234 of the CEA, it is open to individuals to seek the assistance of the presiding officer at the polling place. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.134 | The Committee was aware that, in addition to the blind, there were others who would also need assistance to cast their vote. Professor G Williams and Mr B Mercurio stated:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.135 | This was, the Committee judged, an incomplete roll call, but indicative of a need which the AEC should address. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.136 | In view of the extensive evidence presented to it, and the very specific difficulties faced by the blind in voting, the Committee considered that, at the next Federal Election, the AEC should be able to provide facilities for them to cast a secret, verifiable ballot. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.137 | These facilities would be of an experimental nature, so would be available only at one appropriate location in each electorate. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.138 | In the Committee’s view such an experiment would allow electronic voting technology to assist those currently unable to cast a secret ballot. This should be part of a broader initiative addressing the special needs of people with disabilities at polling stations. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.139 | Aspects of electronic assistance to voting are considered again in Chapter 11, Technology and the electoral system, which makes recommendations in relation to arrangements for the blind in the section covering electronic voting. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.140 | However, the Committee did not see this experiment as a precursor to widespread electronic voting. The Committee does not favour a wider move towards home-based electronic voting because it believes that the Saturday ritual of visiting a polling place to vote is an important component of maintaining Australians’ engagement with the democratic process. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.141 | Recommendation 27The Committee recommends that the AEC consult with appropriate organisations to establish appropriate experimental arrangements to assist the blind and visually impaired to cast a secret ballot at the next Federal Election. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.142 | Recommendation 28The Committee recommends that, as a future direction, the AEC consult with relevant organisations representing people with disabilities to develop a disability action plan covering the full spectrum of access issues faced. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fraudulent voting |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.143 | Under the current electoral arrangements it is possible for people to vote more than once, to vote under assumed names, or to impersonate another voter. This potential for voter fraud was raised in submissions and evidence. The Committee was provided with a scenario combining two elements of fraud, in which multiple votes were made while impersonating another elector. The Festival of Light stated:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.144 | The Committee has examined allegations of electoral fraud in its reports on each of the last six Federal Elections. Whilst to date the Committee has had no evidence to indicate there has been widespread electoral fraud,113 the Committee believes that rectifying electoral fraud after it has occurred and has compromised the democratic process is not a responsible or sensible proposition. While to date the Committee has not received any evidence of widespread or large-scale electoral fraud, it is considered preferable to take steps to prevent fraud occurring in the first place. The Chair of the Committee, Mr Tony Smith MP, commented that otherwise, it would be:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.145 | Currently, should someone or some group seek to engineer fraudulent voting, it would be possible for that to occur and to affect the electoral outcome. The AEC advised that instances of apparent multiple voting can be detected when, after the election, the lists of those who voted are scanned.115 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.146 | The Committee examined three proposals which could assist in the prevention of fraud at the polling place. The first was establishing specific voting places for specific electors (“subdivision” or “precinct” voting). Secondly, at polling place level, the Committee considered voter identification requirements and thirdly, bar-coding. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
“Subdivision” voting |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.147 | In 1983 the Committee's predecessor, the Joint Select Committee on Electoral Reform, recommended that voters be allowed to cast ordinary votes at any polling place within their House of Representatives electorate (division), rather than being confined to a smaller subdivision. Under the then system, electors who arrived at a polling place outside of their enrolled subdivision— even if the subdivision was within their "home" division— had to either make their way to the appropriate subdivision or cast an absent vote.116 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.148 | Since this arrangement was abandoned for the 1984 election, it is now possible for unscrupulous persons to travel to every polling place within an electorate, recording votes against the same name. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.149 | In his submission, the Attorney-General, the Hon. Philip Ruddock, MP, said that:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.150 | The advantage of the subdivision voting arrangement is that an elector's name appears on only one roll at one polling place. Any person wishing to use an elector’s name to vote many times would only be able to do so by casting an absent vote at booths outside the subdivision. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.151 | In the past the AEC has drawn attention to possible consequences of the reintroduction of subdivision voting, confusion and delay at polling booths, increased queuing, increased declaration voting and probable delays in the provision of election results.118 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.152 | At one level, the subdivision vote arrangement would, in the Committee’s view, be a useful move to minimise the potential for fraud at the polling place. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.153 | The Committee’s most recent recommendation concerning subdivisional voting was made in its report on the 1996 Federal Election, urging that the:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.154 | In the Government Response was a counter-recommendation, that:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.155 | The Committee notes that most voters continue to vote close to where they live, as was required under the subdivision arrangements.121 It therefore still considers that the subdivision voting system has been a useful one, and that it should not have been abolished. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.156 | However, on balance, the Committee believes that Australian society has changed in the two decades since subdivision voting was abolished, and in the decade since the Committee urged its reintroduction. The population is more mobile and more of the workforce is now employed all day on Saturday when polling is held. To reintroduce subdivision voting would be disruptive and confusing. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.157 | However, the Committee notes that, with the introduction of its recommended changes to enrolment and voting identification, subdivision voting would, in any event, play a lesser role in preventing voting fraud. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proof of identity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.158 | The Committee has already addressed voter identification above, in relation to provisional voting. That recommendation highlighted the broader issues, raised in submissions to the Committee. Ms A Cousland stated:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.159 | In this context it was suggested to the Committee that another barrier to potential fraud at the polling booth was to require voters to provide identification prior to being given their ballot paper. The Council for the National Interest Western Australian Commission stated:123
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.160 | Presentation of identification would ensure that the person voting was the person named on the electoral roll. Against the concern that such a procedure would slow down the voting process and potentially generate queues, the Committee believed that it could, in fact, expedite the checking process by clarifying to the polling officials the precise spelling of the voter’s name. This was an issue which the AEC could address. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.161 | Recommendation 29The Committee does not support the introduction of proof of identity requirements for general voters on polling day at the next election. Instead, the Committee recommends that the AEC report to the JSCEM on the operation of proof of identity arrangements internationally, and on how such systems might operate on polling day in Australia. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.162 | At the next Federal Election, the Committee considers that the AEC might seek, but not compel, voters to provide identification to gauge any effect on the speed with which the rolls could be marked off. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.163 | Recommendation 30The Committee recommends that, at the next Federal Election, the AEC encourage voters to voluntarily present photographic identification in the form of a driver’s licence to assist in marking off the electoral roll. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Barcoding |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.164 | The H S Chapman Society proposed using bar-coding as a means of addressing the potential for fraudulent voting.125 All electors would be sent an alpha-numeric bar-coded voting card by the AEC after the close of the rolls. At the polling booth the voter would hand in the card, it would be read and its surrender recorded centrally through mobile telephone technology. The voter would then receive a ballot paper.126 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee’s view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.165 | The Committee is aware that postal delivery of unique identifiers to voters could be intercepted and the cards used for electoral identity theft. Having to produce another form of identification to demonstrate that the barcode is legitimately held would negate one of the suggested advantages, that of quick checking off. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.166 | Barcoding is again considered in Chapter 11, Technology and the electoral system. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Networked checking of the Electoral Roll |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.167 | Under this arrangement, as each person had their name marked off on the electoral roll at a polling place, that fact was recorded on a master elector list at the AEC’s central server. Any attempt to vote again, or for another person to use that name at any polling booth would be identified by real-time matching with the master roll and potential duplicate voting prevented. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.168 | This is considered in more detail in Chapter 11, Technology and the electoral system. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senate |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group Voting Tickets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.169 | Group Voting Tickets are lodged by parties to indicate how they wish their preferences to flow when a voter elects to vote above the line, endorsing only one party. Copies of these are required to be prominently displayed at each polling booth so voters can clearly see where their preferences will go when they vote above the line. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.170 | The Committee was advised of a number of problems with this system, in addition to the apparent lack of familiarity with it among polling booth staff (mentioned under Training of polling officials above). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.171 | The majority of voters appeared to be unaware of Group Voting Tickets and so did not access them, or request access to them, before they voted.127 The Festival of Light stated:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.172 | There is also anecdotal evidence of some voters being unable to access Group Voting Tickets at the 2004 election, with some others being misdirected by party staff at polling booths about where their preferences might flow. This resulted in some people wishing to retract their votes once they realised that their preferences would flow in a direction contrary to their wishes.129 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Committee's view |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.173 | In Chapter 9, Voting systems, the Committee assesses criticisms about the operation of the compulsory preferential voting system. On evaluation of the evidence, the Committee arrived at the view that above-the-line compulsory preferential voting should be introduced for Senate elections, but with the option of below-the-line voting retained. A consequence of this would be the abolition of the option for lodgement of Group Voting Tickets. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.174 | In the event that the recommendation of Chapter 9, Voting systems, is not adopted, the Committee considers that any proposed amendment of the Senate voting ballot paper should contain measures to include ungrouped candidates in the preferences above the line.130 |
1 | Submission No. 182 (AEC), Table 2 identifies $79,474.86. Training for call centre operators was additional to this sum. AEC, Behind the Scenes 2004 Election Report, 2005, p. 16. Back |
2 | AEC, quoted in Submission No. 8, (Mr P. Hickey), Attachment B. |
3 | AEC, Behind the Scenes 2004 Election Report, 2005, p. 16. |
4 | Submission Nos 8, 9, 49, 50, 68, 100, 134 & 176. |
5 | Submission No. 134 (Mr I Freys). |
6 | Submission No. 176, (Mr S Luntz). |
7 | Submission No. 8, (Mr P Hickey). |
8 | Submission No. 49, (Senator R. Webber). |
9 | Mr B Loughnane, Federal Director, Liberal Party of Australia, Evidence, Monday, 8 August 2005, p. 22. |
10 | Submission No. 176, (Mr S Luntz). |
11 | Submission No. 100, (Electoral Reform Society of South Australia), Attachment 5. |
12 | Submission No. 176, (Mr S Luntz). |
13 | Submission No. 182, (AEC), Table 2. $79,474.86 of a total expenditure of $117,914,086.92. Training for call centre operators was additional to this sum. |
14 | AEC quoted in Submission No. 8, (Mr P Hickey), Attachment B. |
15 | Submission No. 8, (Mr P Hickey). |
16 | Submission Nos 9, 42, 94, 176 and see Mr T Mathers, Evidence, Wednesday, 6 July 2005, p. 18. |
17 | Submission No. 92, (The Hon. Arch Bevis MP), p. 2. |
18 | AEC, quoted in Submission No. 8, (Mr P. Hickey), Attachment B. |
19 | Submission No. 176, (Mr S Luntz). |
20 | Submission No. 165, (AEC), p. 29. |
21 | Submission No. 182, (AEC), p. 13. |
22 | Submission No. 165, (AEC), p. 29. |
23 | Submission No. 2, (Mr M. Powell). |
24 | Submission No. 2, (Mr M. Powell). |
25 | Submission No. 165, (AEC), p. 30. |
26 | Submission No. 182, (AEC), p. 13. |
27 | Submission No. 182, (AEC), p. 9. |
28 | On size, location and timing of advertising see also, Submission No. 10, (The Hon. Dick Adams MP). |
29 | Submission No. 107, (Australian Greens), pp. 2-3. |
30 | Submission Nos 42, (Mr B McRae), Attachment A, 107, (Australian Greens), p. 3. |
31 | The prescribed size is an area which is not more than 8,000 square centimetres. See NSW Parliamentary Electorates and Elections Act 1912 No 41, section 151B(6). www.seo.nsw.gov.au/publications__resources/electoral_legislation/index.html |
32 | Submission No. 182, (AEC), p. 9. |
33 | Submission Nos 92, (The Nationals) & 155, (Ms A Hicks). |
34 | Electorates of Cunningham, Dobell, Greenway, Lowe, Page, Parramatta, Richmond, and two Senate candidates in each of NSW, Qld, SA, Vic, WA. |
35 | Submission No. 172, (AEC), pp. 7-8. |
36 | CEA, section 329(1). |
37 | Submission No. 182, (AEC), p. 8 [Committee’s italics]. |
38 | “There is a resemblance between the how-to-vote card…and the Liberal Party how-to-vote card. There is a similarity between colours used…It is the whole layout of the how-to-vote card”; Mr B Loughnane, Federal Director, Liberal Party of Australia, Evidence, Monday, 8 August 2005 p. 29. |
39 | Submission No. 92, (The Nationals). |
40 | Dr K Woollard, Evidence, Wednesday, 3 August 2005, pp. 19, 33; Submission No. 206 (Dr K Woollard). |
41 | Submission No. 206, (Dr K Woollard). |
42 | AEC, Behind the Scenes, p. 34. |
43 | AEC, Electoral Pocketbook, 2005, p. 150. |
44 | Ms B Smith, Evidence, Thursday, 7 July 2005, p. 24. |
45 | Mrs S Flower, Evidence, Thursday, 7 July 2005, p. 31. |
46 | Order of Liberals for Forests HTV preferences: Green, Democrat, Labor, Nationals, Family First, Nuclear Disarmament, Veterans. Actual preference distribution from Liberals for Forests: Greens = 589; Nationals = 514; FFP = 326; ALP =144. Final two-party preferred vote: Labor =39,560; Nationals= 39,259. Full Distribution of Preferences shown at Appendix H. Submission No. 172, (AEC), Attachment A. |
47 | Mrs S Flower & Mr A. Smith MP, Evidence, Thursday, 7 July 2005, p. 38. |
48 | Mrs S Flower, Evidence, Thursday, 7 July 2005, p. 38. |
49 | Mr A Sochacki, Evidence, Thursday, 7 July 2005, p. 14. |
50 | Mr A Sochacki, Evidence, Thursday, 7 July 2005, p. 15-16. |
51 | Letter from Ms B. Smith to the AEC re Liberals for Forests, quoted by Senator George Brandis, Transcript of evidence, Thursday, 7 July 2005, p. 28. |
52 | Submission No. 92, (The Nationals). |
53 | Ms B Smith, Evidence, Thursday 7 July 2005, p. 29. |
54 | Senator G Brandis, Transcript of evidence, Thursday, 7 July 2005, p. 28. |
55 | Ms B Smith, Evidence, Thursday, 7 July 2005, p. 29. |
56 | Submission No. 201, (ALP). |
57 | Submission No. 155, (Ms A Hicks). |
58 | Mr P Dacey, Deputy Electoral Commissioner, AEC, Evidence, 5 August 2005, p. 79. |
59 | Submission No. 197, (Liberal Party). |
60 | Mr P Dacey, Deputy Electoral Commissioner, AEC, Evidence, 5 August 2005, p. 79. |
61 | Submission No. 201, (ALP). |
62 | Submission No. 197, (Liberal Party). |
63 | Submission Nos 11, (Mr G. Ryall), p. 14; 166, (Liberals for Forests), p. 2. |
64 | Submission No. 42, (Mr B McRae). |
65 | Submission No. 11, (Mr G. Ryall), p. 14, proposed 100 metres; Submission No. 166, (Liberals for Forests), p. 2, proposed 200-300 metres. |
66 | Submission No. 66, (Mr L Wilson). |
67 | Submission No. 42, (Mr B McRae). |
68 | ACT Electoral Act 1992, section 303. |
69 | JSCEM, The 2001 Federal Election, June 2003, p. 134. |
70 | Submission No. 127, (Mr G Ryall, p. 14. |
71 | Submission No. 11, (Mr E Laurila). |
72 | JSCEM, The 2001 Federal Election, June 2003, p. 134. |
73 | AEC Submission Nos 165, p. 8 & 205, p. 14. |
74 | Submission No. 165, (AEC), p. 16. |
75 | Submission No. 165, (AEC), p. 16. If a person does not answer the questions correctly, refuses to answer the questions or answers the questions successfully but the issuing officer is still unsure about their identity, the issuing officer can refuse to issue an ordinary vote. In these cases the person would be offered a provisional vote. See AEC Election Bulletin, 6 October 2004, in Submission No. 168, Attachment A. |
76 | Submission No. 92, (The Nationals); Mr A Sochacki, Chairman, Richmond Electorate, The Nationals, Evidence, Thursday, 7 July 2005, p. 4. |
77 | Submission No. 92, (The Nationals), Recommendation 3. |
78 | Where the applicant does not possess a driver's licence, the application must be countersigned by two persons on the electoral roll who can confirm the applicant's identity and current residential address. The counter-signatories must have known the applicant for at least one month or have sighted identification showing the applicant's name and address. Electoral and Referendum Amendment (Enrolment Integrity and Other Measures) Act 2004, section 98AA Regulations. FCS Online noted that there were difficulties with ensuring that driver’s licences were authentic, Submission No. 191, (FCS Online). |
79 | Electoral and Referendum Amendment Regulations 2001 (No 1), Schedule 5, http://scaleplus.law.gov.au/html/numrul/18/9184/pdf/2001No248.pdf |
80 | AEC, Information on Enrolling as a Prisoner, www.aec.gov.au/_content/what/enrolment/forms/ER016Pw_0804.pdf |
81 | Submission No. 165, (AEC), pp. 24-28. |
82 | Mr B Loughnane, Federal Director, Liberal Party of Australia, Evidence, Monday, 8 August 2005, p. 21. |
83 | Submission No. 144, (Public Interest Advocacy Group), p. 10. Submission No. 106, (Prof. B Costar) claimed that denial of the vote to prisoners was highly discriminatory because the prison population was not a mirror of society: most prisoners are male (94%) and aged between 25 and 35 (56%). The imprisonment rate of Indigenous Australians is 15 times that of the non-Indigenous. |
84 | Submission No. 144, (Public Interest Advocacy Group), pp. 9-10; Submission No. 119, (ACT Government), p. 2 endorsed this, commenting that the ACT's Human Rights Act 2004 enshrined… the right to enjoy human rights without any discrimination of any kind (section 8), and the right to vote at periodic elections (section 17). |
85 | Submission No. 106, (Professor B Costar). |
86 | Senator Abetz, Senate Hansard, 20 September 95, p. 1073. |
87 | Special Minister of State, Senator the Hon. Eric Abetz, quoted in ”Coalition Set to Change the Way We Vote”, The Age, 11 June 2005; ABC News online, 23 January 2005, www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200501/s1287044.htm |
88 | JSCEM, June 2003, The 2001 Federal Election, p. 92. |
89 | Nor had the Commonwealth Government amended, nor announced an intention to amend, section 96 of the CEA to ensure that it effectively applied to and enfranchised homeless people. Submission No. 131, (PILCH), pp. 17-18. |
90 | Submission No. 105, (Professor B Costar & Mr D Mackenzie), p. 6; and Submission No. 131, (PILCH), pp. 7, 38 respectively. |
91 | Submission No. 131, (PILCH), p. 7. |
92 | Professor B Costar, Evidence, Monday, 25 July 2005, p. 3. |
93 | Electorally Engaging the Homeless, AEC Research Report Number 6, February 2005, p. 9, www.aec.gov.au/_content/How/research/papers/paper6/research_paper6.pdf |
94 | Submission No. 105, (Professor B Costar & Mr D Mackenzie), p. 10. |
95 | Also reported in Submission No. 105, (Professor B Costar & Mr D Mackenzie), p. 6. |
96 | Also reported in Submission No. 105, (Professor B Costar & Mr D Mackenzie), p. 6. |
97 | Also reported in Submission No. 105, (Professor B Costar & Mr D Mackenzie), p. 6. |
98 | Submission No. 131, (PILCH), pp. 8, 39-40. |
99 | Submission No. 105, (Professor B Costar & Mr D Mackenzie), p. 6. |
100 | Submission No. 74, (AEC), Attachment C. |
101 | Submission No. 165, (AEC), pp. 24–28. |
102 | Submission No. 165, (AEC), pp. 24–28. |
103 | Submission Nos 1; 62, & 74. |
104 | Submission Nos 16, 31, 45, 48, 50, 54, 68, 101, 135, 138 and 101 respectively. |
105 |
Submission No. 131, (PILCH), p. 11. |
106 | Submission Nos 16, 50 & 54, p. 1. |
107 | Submission Nos 28, 48 & 141. |
108 | Submission No. 28, (Communication Project Group). |
109 | Submission No. 50, (People with Disability Australia Inc). |
110 | Submission Nos 16, 20, 45, 54 & 135, pp. 6-7. |
111 | Submission No. 48, (Professor G Williams & Mr B Mercurio). |
112 | Submission No. 125, (Festival of Light Australia), p. 8. |
113 | Submission Nos 35, 52, 89, p. 6, 185, 125, p. 8 & 186, Dr D Phillips, National President, Festival of Light Australia, Evidence, Tuesday, 26 July 2005, p. 17 indicated that there were opportunities for fraudulent voting in the 2004 Federal Election. In 2001 the AEC said that: “It has been concluded by every parliamentary and judicial inquiry into the conduct of Federal Elections, since…1984…there is no evidence to suggest that the overall outcomes of the 1984, 1987, 1990, 1993, 1996 and 1998 Federal Elections were affected by fraudulent enrolment and voting”. AEC, Electoral Backgrounder 14: “Electoral Fraud and Multiple Voting”, www.aec.gov.au/_content/How/backgrounders/14/index.htm |
114 | Mr T Smith MP, Transcript of evidence, Monday, 25 July 2005, p. 90. |
115 | Submission No. 165, (AEC), p. 32. |
116 | JSCEM, Report of the Inquiry into all Aspects of the Conduct of the 1996 Federal Election and Matters Related Thereto , June 1997 , para 2.45. www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/em/elec/elec.pdf |
117 | Submission No. 128, (The Hon. Philip Ruddock, MP). |
118 | AEC, Submission to Inquiry into the Integrity of the Electoral Roll , 27March 2001, www.aec.gov.au/_content/Why/committee/jscem/electoral_roll/sub81.htm |
119 | Government Response: JSCEM The 1996 Federal Election, www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/em/elec/govtresp.htm |
120 | Government Response: JSCEM Report The 1996 Federal Election,www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/em/elec/govtresp.htm |
121 | For example, 61.2% of the ordinary voters in Moncrieff voted at the most convenient polling place to where they were enrolled. Submission No. 182, (AEC), p. 14. |
122 | Submission No. 30, (Ms A Cousland). |
123 | Submission Nos 6, 41, 52, 66, 120 & 185 and see Dr D Phillips, National President, Festival of Light Australia, Evidence, Tuesday, 26 July 2005, p. 17. |
124 |
Submission No. 185, (Council for the National Interest Western Australian Committee). |
125 | Submission No. 41, (H S Chapman Society) |
126 | Submission No. 187, (H S Chapman Society) |
127 | Dr David Phillips, National President, Festival of Light Australia, Evidence, Tuesday, 26 July 2005, p. 14. |
128 | Submission Nos 100, (Electoral Reform Society) & 144, (PIAC), p. 11. |
129 | Submission No. 90, (Mr D. Risstrom), p. 2. |
130 | Submission No. 182, (Australian Electoral Commission), p. 26. |
Print Chapter 5 (PDF 360KB) | < - Report Home < - Chapter 4 : Chapter 6 - > |