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Footnotes

Preliminary pages - Foreword

[1]       This body has replaced MYCEETYA.

Chapter 1 Introduction

[1]       In this Report, where appropriate, ‘child’/’children’, ‘adolescents’,  or ‘young people’/’young  adult(s)’ will be used interchangeably, as appropriate, to mean people under the age of 18 years.

[2]       Family Online Safety Institute, Submission 38, p. 3.

[3]       AAP, ‘Authorities learn to ‘tweet’ in disasters’, 30 March 2011 accessed at http://www.cio.com.au/article/print/381497/authorities_learn_tweet_disasters/ on 5 April 2011; ABC News ‘Disaster authorities move to use social media more, 4 April 2011 accessed at http://www.abc.net.au/news/video/2011/04/01/3182048.htm on 5 April 2011.

[4]       Google, Submission 13, p. 1.

[5]       Hon Mozelle Thompson, Advisory Board and Policy Adviser, Facebook, Transcript of Evidence, 21 March 2011, p. CS3.

[6]       Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 7.

[7]       Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman, Submission 46, p. 4, citing a Nielsen Company survey, April 2010.

[8]       Ms Lauren Oliver, Internal Consultant, Youth Empowerment and Participation, Berry Street, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2011, p. CS13.

[9]       Mr John Fison, Chairman, Netbox Blue, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS58.

[10]     Australian Youth Affairs Coalition, Submission 28, p. 8, citing Dr Helen McGrath, 2009, Young People and Technology: A review of the current literature (2^nd edition), published by the Alannah and Madeline Foundation.

[11]     Safer Internet Group, Submission 12, p. 2; Mrs Sue Hutley, Executive Director, Australian Library and Information Association, representing Safer Internet Group, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. 36.

[12]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 7, citing Australian Bureau of Statistics 8246.0 –‘ Household Use of Information Technology, Australia, 2008-09’, April 2009, accessed 16 May 2010.

[13]     Family Online Safety Institute, Submission 38, p. 4.

[14]     Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 109, p. 3; Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 2.

[15]     Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p. 4.

[16]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 2.

[17]     Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 13; Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, Submission 49, p. 1.

[18]      Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 83, p. 1; Mr John Dalgleish, Manager, Strategy and Research, BoysTown, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011,  p. CS20; Dr Barbara Spears, Australian University Cyber-bullying Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS9.

[19]     Mr John Fison, Chairman, Netbox Blue, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS59.

[20]     Terms such as ‘Online/environment’, ‘technology’/’technologies’/‘new communication technologies’, ‘information and communications technology/ies’, as appropriate, will be used interchangeably in this Report.

[21]     Stride Foundation, Submission 6, p. 4.

[22]     Australian Council for Educational Research, Submission 20, p. 1.

[23]     Associate Professor Bjorn Landfeldt, University of Sydney, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS28; Submission 122, p. 2.

[24]     Associate Professor Bjorn Landfeldt, University of Sydney, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, pp. CS28-29.

[25]     Associate Professor Bjorn Landfeldt, University of Sydney, Submission 122, pp. 2-3, 4; Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS27.

[26]     Associate Professor Sheryl Hemphill, Senior Research Fellow, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS23; Ms Megan Scannell, Senior Project Manager, Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS72; Inspire Foundation, Submission 3, p. 1.

[27]     Civil Liberties Australia, Submission 23, p. 1.

[28]     Australian Council of Educational Research, Submission 20, p. 2.

[29]     System Administrators’ Guild of Australia, Submission 71, p. 2 citing Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009, Household Use of Technology, Australia, 2008-09 at http://abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@nsf/mf/8146.0/.

[30]     Australian Institute of Family Studies, Submission 39, p. 2 citing the Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2009, Use of electronic media and communications: Early childhood to teenage years. Finding from Growing up in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (3 to 4 and7 to 8 year olds) and Media and Communications in Australian Families (8 to 17-year-olds), 2007, Canberra ACMA.

[31]     Inspire Foundation, Submission 3, p. 4; Tutoring Australasia Pty Ltd, Submission 26, p. 1.

[32]     Australian Communications Media Authority, 2009, Click and Connect: Young Australians’ use of online media (cited by the Australian Council for Educational Research, Submission 20, p. 3.)

[33]     Ms Hetty Johnston, Founder and Executive Director, BraveHearts, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS41.

[34]     Australian Youth Affairs Council, Submission 28, p. 8. 

[35]     Hon Mozelle Thompson, Advisory Board and Policy Adviser, Facebook, Transcript of Evidence: 21 March 2011, p. CS1; 11 June 2010, pp. CS23.

[36]     Dr Helen McGrath, Psychologist, Australian Psychological Society, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS61.

[37]     Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 2.

[38]     Interactive Games & Entertainment Association, Submission 110, p. 3.

[39]     Mr Darren Kane, Director, Corporate Security and Investigations/Officer of Internet Trust and Safety, Telstra Corporation, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS24.

[40]     Australian Privacy Foundation, Submission 83, p. 1; Queensland Catholic Education Commission, Submission 67, p. 2.

[41]     Mr Geordie Guy, Submission 105, p. 3.

[42]     Office of Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p. 3.

[43]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 8.

[44]     Dr Judith Slocombe, Chief Executive Officer, Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS32.

[45]     Third A et al, 2011, Intergenerational Attitudes towards Social Networking and Cyber-safety, A Living Lab: Research Report, Cooperative Research Centre for Young People, Technology and Wellbeing, pp. 9-10

[46]     Third A et al, 2011, Intergenerational Attitudes towards Social Networking and Cyber-safety, A Living Lab: Research Report, Cooperative Research Centre for Young People, Technology and Wellbeing, pp. 9-10.

[47]     BraveHearts, Submission 34, p. 4.

[48]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 8; Ms Robyn Treyvaud, Founder, Cyber Safe Kids, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS32.

[49]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 8.

[50]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, pp. 8-9.

[51]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 1.

[52]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, pp. 1, 13; Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 7; ACT Government, Submission 82, p. 7.

[53]     For its membership and terms of reference, see Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, Attachments A and B.

[54]     Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 1.

[55]     Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 2.

[56]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 2. Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 7.

[57]     Australian Institute of Criminology Home page: www.aic.gov.au

[58]     Australian Institute of Criminology, Submission 56, pp. 1-2.

[59]     Office of Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p. 3.

[60]     Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, Submission 49, p. 1.

[61]     Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 109, p. 2.

[62]     Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association, Submission 53, p. 4. This position has been included because of sub-paragraph viii of the Inquiry’s Terms of Reference.

[63]     House of Representatives Standing Committee on Communications, Terms of Reference, p. xv.

Chapter 3 Young people in the online environment

[1]       Ms Lauren Oliver, Internal Consultant, Youth Empowerment and Participation, Berry Street, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS5; Ms Robyn Treyvaud, Founder, Cyber Safe Kids, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, pp. CS34-35.

[2]       Australian Council for Educational Research, Submission 20, p. 8.

[3]       See, for example: Centre for Children and Young People, Submission 31, pp. 1-3; Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 6; Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 15; Mr Craig Scroggie, Vice President and Managing Director, Pacific Region, Symantec Corporation, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS34; Ms Kelly Vennus, Programs and Training Manager, Stride Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS18.

[4]       Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 4.

[5]       Mr Mark Newton, Submission 15, p. 4.

[6]       Dr Barbara Spears, Senior Lecturer, University of South Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS32.

[7]       Dr Barbara Spears, Senior Lecturer, University of South Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS32.

[8]       Superintendent Bradley Shallies, National Coordinator, Child Protection Operations, Australian Federal Police, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS17; Mrs Tiffany Downing, Director, South Australian Office for Youth, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS20.

[9]       Mr Peter Coroneos, Chief Executive Officer, Internet Industry Association, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS18.

[10]     Hon Mozelle Thompson, Advisory Board and Policy Adviser, Facebook, Transcript of Evidence, 21 March 2011, p. CS5

[11]     Berry Street, Submission 95, p. 11.

[12]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 8; Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 3.

[13]     See Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 8; Ms Georgie Ferrari, Chief Executive Officer, Youth Affairs Council of Victoria, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS27; Interactive Games & Entertainment Association, Submission 110, p. 3.

[14]     Mr John Pitcher, Director of Strategic Business Development, Netbox Blue, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS3.

[15]     Telstra Corporation, Submission 14, p. 3; Mr Darren Kane, Corporate Security and Investigations and Officer of Internet Trust and Safety, Telstra Corporation, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS3.

[16]     Dr Helen McGrath, Psychologist, Australian Psychological Society, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS61.

[17]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 8.

[18]     BraveHearts, Submission 34, pp. 2-3.

[19]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 3;  Associate Professor Karen Vered, Department of Screen and Media, Flinders University, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS36. See also Australian Council on Children and the Media: Submission 75, pp. 12-13: Ms Lesley-Anne Ey, Executive Committee Member, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS50; BoysTown, Submission 29, p. 5.

[20]     Associate Professor Karen Vered, Department of Screen and Media, Flinders University, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS36.

[21]     Associate Professor Karen Vered, Department of Screen and Media, Flinders University, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, pp. CS36-37.

[22]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 7.

[23]     Association of Independent Schools of SA, Submission 19, p. 8.

[24]     Childnet International, Submission 18, p. 1.

[25]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, pp. 3-4.

[26]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 4.

[27]     BraveHearts, Submission 34, p. 3, citing the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2009).

[28]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 4.

[29]     Australian Youth Affairs Coalition, Submission 28, p. 8, citing McGrath H (2009) Young People and Technology: A review of current literature (2^nd Edition), published by the Alannah and Madeline Foundation.

[30]     BraveHearts, Submission 34, p. 5.

[31]     Hon Mozelle Thompson, Chief Policy Adviser, Facebook, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, pp. CS36-37.

[32]     Ms Kate Lyttle, Secretary, Australian Parents’ Council, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS17; Mr John Pitcher, Director Of Strategic Business Development, Netbox Blue, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS26-27; Dr Helen McGrath, Psychologist, Australian Psychological Society, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS62.

[33]     Dr Helen McGrath, Psychologist, Australian Psychological Society, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS66.

[34]     Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 2.

[35]     Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 1.

[36]     Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 2.

[37]     Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, pp. CS5-6, CS19; Dr Judith Slocombe, Chief Executive Officer, Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June, 2010, p. CS15; Associate Professor Sheryl Hemphill, Senior Research Fellow, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS27.

[38]     Ms Sherree Limbrick, Director, Statewide Programs, Berry Street, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, pp. 4-5.

[39]     Superintendent Bradley Shallies, National Coordinator Child Protection Operations, Australian Federal Police, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS8.

[40]     Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 2.

[41]     Ms Lauren Oliver, Internal Consultant, Youth Empowerment and Participation, Berry Street, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS6.

[42]     Ms Sherree Limbrick, Director, Statewide Programs, Berry Street, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS5.

[43]     Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 4; Superintendent Bradley Shallies, National Coordinator, Child Protection Operations, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS8. Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 3-4; Mr Bernard Geary, Child Safety Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS76.

[44]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 7.

[45]     Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 2; Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 13; Mr Bernard Geary, Child Safety Commissioner, Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, pp. CS70, 76; Mr Richard Egan, National Policy Officer, Family Voice Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS54; Associate Professor Karen Vered, Department of Screen and Media, Flinders University, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS37, 42.

[46]     Australian Communications Consumer Action Network, Submission 1, p. 4.

[47]     Australian Communications Consumer Action Network, available at: http://www.accan.org.au/news_item_full.php?id=99, accessed 20 January 2011.

[48]     Queensland Council of Parents and Citizens’ Associations, Submission 99, pp. 1-2.

[49]     Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p. 5; Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 4-5.

[50]     Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p. 4.

[51]     FamilyVoice Australia, Submission 50, p. 2.

[52]     Association of Children’s Welfare Agencies, Submission 35, p. 3.

[53]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 8.

[54]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 8.

[55]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, pp. 7-8.

[56]     Australian Library and Information Association, Submission 16, pp. 5- 6; Mrs Sue Hutley, Executive Director, Australian Library and Information Association, representing the Safer Internet Group, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS28.

[57]     Australian Library and Information Association, Submission 16, p. 5.

[58]     Australian Library and Information Association, Submission 16, p. 6.

[59]     Australian Library and Information Association, Submission 16, p. 6.

[60]     Unless specified otherwise, material in the rest of this section was drawn from Australian School Library Association, Submission 72 and Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, pp. CS32-38.

[61]     Australian Library and Information Association, Submission 16, pp. 2, 5; Mrs Sue Hutley, Executive Director, Australian Library and Information Association, representing the Safer Internet Group, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS28.

[62]     Mrs Sue Hutley, Executive Director, Australian Library and Information Association, representing the Safer Internet Group, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, pp. CS28-29.

[63]     Australian Library and Information Association, Submission 16, p. 5.

[64]     Australian Library and Information Association, Submission 16, p. 6.

[65]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 45.

[66]     Material in this section was drawn from ACT Government, Submission 82

[67]     Dr Hilary Yerbury, 2010, ‘Who to be? Generations X and Y in civil society online’, in Youth Studies Australia, 29(2): 25-32.

[68]     Third A et al, 2011, Intergenerational Attitudes towards Social Networking and Cyber-safety, A Living Lab: Research Report, Cooperative Research Centre for Young People, Technology and Wellbeing.

[69]     Unless specified otherwise, material in this section was drawn from Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, pp. 34-35.

[70]     Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS22.

[71]     Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS22.

[72]     Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS22.

[73]     Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, pp. CS22-23.

[74]     Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS22; Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 35. Mr Rizvi is the Chair of the Consultative Working Group.

[75]     Mr Darren Kane, Corporate Security and Investigations and Officer of Internet Trust and Safety, Telstra Corporation, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS25; Ms Samantha Yorke, Legal Director, Yahoo!7, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS25; Mr John Pitcher, Director of Strategic Business Development, Netbox Blue, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS37.

[76]     Rachel, Submission 126,  p. 1

[77]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 28.

[78]     Roar Educate, Submission 100, p. 6. See also Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 8.

[79]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS9.

[80]     Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 15.

[81]     Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 14.

[82]     Mental Health Council of Australia, Submission 52, pp. 3-4. See also iKeepSafe, Submission 101, p. 5, for the results of another study of online risks for young people.

[83]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 11. See Chapter 4 for sexting.

[84]     Queensland Catholic Education Commission, Submission 67, pp. 2, 6.

[85]     Australian Youth Affairs Coalition, Submission 28, p. 7.

Chapter 3 Cyber-bullying

[1]       Professor Phillip Slee, Australian Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS11.

[2]       Dr Paul Weldon, Research Fellow, Australian Council for Educational Research, Transcript of Evidence 9 December 2010, p. CS42.

[3]       Ms Robyn Treyvaud, Founder, Cyber Safe Kids, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS35.

[4]       Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Submission 111, p. 2.

[5]       Stride Foundation, Submission 6, p. 4.

[6]       Mr Hugh Kingsley, Submission 37, p. 1 citing Parry Aftab, 2010, http://aftab.com/index.php?page=cyberbullying.

[7]       Alannah and Madeline Foundation: Submission 22, pp. 17-18; Dr Judith Slocombe, Chief Executive Officer, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS15.

[8]       Stride Foundation, Submission 6, p. 4.

[9]       WA Education Department, Submission 115, p. 1. See BoysTown, Submission 29, p. 8, for a similar definition.

[10]     Mental Health Council of Australia, Submission 52, p. 5. See safety.lovetoknow.com/index.php/title=Cyber-Bullying_Statistics Accessed 8 February 2011.

[11]     Stride Foundation, Submission 6, p. 4.

[12]     Stride Foundation, Submission 6, p. 13.

[13]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 3.

[14]     See Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, pp. CS16-17; NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 7.

[15]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, pp. 9, 13 citing Child Health Promotion Research Centre (September, 2009). Cyber Friendly Student Solutions Workshop, Perth, Australia.

[16]     Professor Philip Slee, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS12.

[17]     Ms Georgie Ferrari, Chief Executive Office, Youth Affairs Council of Victoria, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS15.

[18]     Simon Fraser University, Submission 55, p. 14.

[19]     Georgia, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p 12.

[20]     See comments by Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 19.

[21]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 17;  See also Dr Gerald White, Principal Research Fellow, Australian Council of Educational Research, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS43; NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 7.

[22]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, pp. 10-12.

[23]     Ms Hetty Johnston, Founder and Executive Director, BraveHearts, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS39.

[24]     Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell: School of Learning and Professional Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS5; Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 12.

[25]     National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, Submission 138, p. 4.

[26]     Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS11.

[27]     Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS21.

[28]     Mr Hugh Kingsley, Submission 37, pp. 1-2; Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS21.

[29]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 9; Mental Health Council of Australia, Submission 52, p. 5; Ms Michelle Noon, Program Manager, Youth, beyondblue, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, pp. CS1-2.

[30]     Jayme, Submission 139.

[31]     Abbie, Submission 132.

[32]     Vincent, Submission 146.

[33]     Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS15.

[34]     Australian Parents Council, Submission 10, p. 3. See also Australian Education Union, Submission 11, p. 2.

[35]     Mr Mark Newton, Submission 15, p. 6.

[36]     Mr Nick Abrahams and Ms Ju Young Lee, Submission 66, pp. 2-3.

[37]     NSW Government, Submission 94, pp. 7-8.

[38]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 7.

[39]     Mr Hugh Kingsley, Submission 37, pp. 1-2.

[40]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS8.

[41]     Association of Children’s Welfare Agencies, Submission 35, p. 2.

[42]     Stride Foundation, Submission 6, p. 13.

[43]     Ms Kelly Vennus, Programs and Training Manager, Stride Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS11.

[44]     Association of Children’s Welfare Agencies, Submission 35, p. 2.

[45]     Australian Institute of Family Studies, Submission 39, p. 3.

[46]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 16 citing Cross et al, 2009, Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study, Child Health Promotion Research Centre.

[47]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 20.

[48]     Association of Children’s Welfare Agencies, Submission 35, p. 2.

[49]     Mrs Sue Hutley, Executive Director, Australian Library and Information Association, representing the Safer Internet Group, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS11.

[50]     Mr Nick Abrahams and Ms Ju Young Lee, Submission 66, p. 2.

[51]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 19

[52]      BoysTown, Submission 29, p. 8.

[53]     Amanda, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p 20.

[54]     Australian Institute of Family Studies, Submission 39, p. 3.

[55]     Mr John Dalgleish, Manager, Strategy and Research, BoysTown, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS15.

[56]     National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, Submission 138, p. 5.

[57]     Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS14; Communications Law Centre, Submission 63, p. 6.

[58]     Ms Robyn Treyvaud, Founder, Cyber Safe Kids, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS35.

[59]     Ms Georgie Ferrari, Chief Executive Officer, Youth Affairs Council of Victoria, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS15.

[60]     Australian Parents Council, Submission 10, p. 3.

[61]     Parents Victoria Inc, Submission 143, p. 2.

[62]     Jedidiah, Submission 133.

[63]     Australian Parents Council, Submission 10, p. 3. See also Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS14; Dr Barbara Spears, Senior Lecturer, School of Education, University of South Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS15.

[64]     Communications Law Centre, Submission 63, p. 6.

[65]     See Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS2; Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS14; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute: Submission 111, p. 2; Associate Professor Sheryl Hemphill, Senior Research Fellow, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, pp CS22, 25; Dr Barbara Spears, Senior Lecturer, School of Education, University of South Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS12.

[66]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 9.

[67]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 17. See also WA Education Department, Submission 115, p. 1; Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 7; Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, pp. 12, 15-18. 

[68]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 17.

[69]     Kidspot at http://www.kidspot.com.au/School-Bullying-Facts and figures-about-bullying+258+article.htm.

[70]     Vodafone Hutchison Australia, Submission 141, p. 8, citing Vodafone Digital Parenting Report – Safety, October 2010, Omnibus.

[71]     Microsoft Australia, Submission 87, pp. 2-3.

[72]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 20, citing Cross et al, 2009, Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study, Child Health Promotion Research Centre.

[73]     Simon Fraser University, Submission 55, p. 15.

[74]     Device Connections Pty Ltd, Submission 51, p. 12.

[75]     Mr Craig Scroggie, Vice President and Managing Director, Pacific Region ,Symantec Corporation, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, pp. CS3-4.

[76]     Australian Parents Council, Submission 10, p. 3.

[77]     Ms Kate Lyttle, Secretary, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS6.

[78]     Mr Chris Watt, Federal Secretary, Independent Education Union of Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS11.

[79]     Australian Parents Council, Submission 10, p. 3.

[80]      For example, NSW Government, Submission 94, pp. 7-10.

[81]     Dr Judith Slocombe, Chief Executive Officer, Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. 33.

[82]     Jodie, Submission 131.

[83]     Childnet International, Submission 18, p. 2 citing ACMA, 2009, Click and Connect: Young Australians’ use of online social media  and Cross et al, 2009, Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study, Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Edith Cowan University.

[84]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2009, Click and Connect: Young Australians’ use of online social media, Quantitative Report,  p. 12.

[85]     Price M and Dalgleish J, 2010, ‘Cyberbullying: Experiences, impacts and coping strategies as described by Australian young people’, Youth Studies Australia, 29 (2): 51-59 at p. 54.

[86]     See Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS33; Ms Georgie Ferrari, Chief Executive Officer, Youth Affairs Council of Victoria, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS33; Mr Jeremy Hurley, Manager, National Educations Agenda, Principals Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS9.

[87]     Abbie, Submission 132.

[88]     Ms Megan Price, Senior Research Officer, BoysTown, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS20.

[89]     Australian Clearinghouse for Youth Studies, Submission 121, pp. 2-3; beyondblue, Submission 5, p. 2. See also Associate Professor Sheryl Hemphill, Senior Research Fellow, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS25.

[90]     See Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p 5; beyondblue, Submission 5, p. 1; Ms Megan Price, Senior Research Officer, BoysTown, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS20; Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, School of Learning and Professional Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS9.

[91]     Mr Philip Lewis, Chair, Association of Principals of Catholic Secondary Schools (SA), Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS3.

[92]     Professor Phillip Slee, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS12.

[93]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 7; WA Education Department, Submission 115, p. 1.

[94]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 17. ‘The disinhibition effect is the psychological process that recognises that there is a screen and that when you put things beyond the screen there are no consequences and you walk away from it’: Dr Barbara Spears, Senior Lecturer, School of Education, University of South Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS25.

[95]     Australian Youth Affairs Coalition, Submission 28, p. 6.

[96]     BoysTown, Submission 29, p. 11.

[97]     Dr Judith Slocombe, Chief Executive Officer, Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS32.

[98]     Dr Barbara Spears, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS11

[99]     Ms Robyn Treyvaud, Founder, Cyber Safe Kids, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS35.

[100]   Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, pp. CS10-11.

[101]   Mental Health Council of Australia, Submission 52, pp. 3-4.

[102]   Tiger, Submission 144.

[103]   Mr John Dalgleish, Manager, Strategy and Research, BoysTown, Transcript of Evidence; 17 March 2011, p. CS20; Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, pp. 17- 19; beyondblue, Submission 5, p. 2.

[104]   NT Government, Submission 84, p. 7.

[105]   Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, pp. 18-19; Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS10.

[106]   BoysTown, Submission 29, p. 9.

[107]   See, for example, Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS15; Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS8; Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, School of Learning and Professional Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. 9; Mental Health Council of Australia, Submission 52, pp. 5-6; Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 18; beyondblue, Submission 5, p. 2.

[108]   Hon Mozelle Thompson, Advisory Board and Policy Adviser, Facebook, Transcript of Evidence, 21 March 2011, p. CS16.

[109]   Ms Michelle Noon, Program Manager, Youth, beyondblue, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS1.

[110]   Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, pp. CS16-17.

[111]   Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Submission 111, p. 2.

[112]   Mental Health Council of Australia, Submission 52, pp. 5- 6.

[113]   Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 18.

[114]   Ms Catherine Davis, Federal Women’s Officer, Australian Education Union, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS12.

[115]   Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, School of Learning and Professional Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS9.

[116]   Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 18; Ms Kate Lyttle, Secretary, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS11.

[117]   Ms Kate Lyttle, Secretary, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS11; Ms Kelly Vennus, Programs and Training Manager, Stride Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS10.

[118]   Dr Barbara Spears, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS14.

[119]   Ms Kelly Vennus, Programs and Training Manager, Stride Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS10; Mr John Dalgleish, Manager, Strategy and Research, BoysTown, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS13.

[120]   Inspire Foundation, Submission 3, p. 6.

[121]   Inspire Foundation, Submission 3, pp. 8-9.

[122]   Mental Health Council of Australia, Submission 52, p. 6.

[123]   Ms Kate Lyttle, Secretary, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS15.

[124]   Price M and Dalgleish J, 2010, ‘Cyberbullying: Experiences, impacts and coping strategies as described by Australian young people’, Youth Studies Australia, 29(2): 51-59.

[125]   Australian Institute of Family Studies, Submission 39, pp. 3-4, citing Lodge J and Frydenberg E, 2010, ‘Cyber-bullying’ in D J Christie (Ed) Encyclopaedia of peace psychology, New Jersey, Wiley Blackwell.

[126]   Price M and Dalgleish J, 2010,  ‘Cyberbullying: Experiences, impacts and coping strategies as described by Australian young people’, Youth Studies Australia, 29 (2):  51-59.

[127]   Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, School of Learning and Professional Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS6.

[128]   Verity, Submission 142, p. 1.

[129]   BoysTown, Submission 29, p.10.

[130]   Simon Fraser University, Submission 55, p. 9.

[131]   Simon Fraser University, Submission 55, p. 9.

[132]   BoysTown, Submission 29, p. 10, citing Juvonen J and Gross E, 2008, ‘Extending the school grounds? Bullying experiences in cyberspace’, The Journal of School Health, 78 (9): p. 496; Campbell M, 2007, Cyber bullying and young people: Treatment principles not simplistic advice; Smith P, Mahdavi J, Carvalho M, Fisher S, Russell S and Tippett N, 2008, ‘Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils’, The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49 (4): 376-385.

[133]   Commissioner for Children and Young People WA, Submission 54.1, pp. 1-2.

[134]   NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 26.

[135]   Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS9.

[136]   Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 19, citing Cross et al, 2009, Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study, Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Edith Cowan University.

[137]   NSW Government, Submission 94, pp. 26-27.

[138]    Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 19, citing Cross et al, 2009, Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study, Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Edith Cowan University.

[139]   acma(sphere, Issue 62, April 2011, p. 6; Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, School of Learning and Professional Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS29; Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2011, p. CS28; Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS13. Professor Phillip Slee, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS14.

[140]   Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell: School of Learning and Professional Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS29.

[141]   acma(sphere), Issue 62, April 2011, p. 6

[142]   acma(sphere), Issue 62, April 2011, p. 6.

[143]   NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 27.

[144]   Mr John Dalgleish, Manager, Strategy and Research, BoysTown, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS13.

[145]   Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS5.

[146]   Mr John Dalgleish, Manager, Strategy and Research, BoysTown, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS19.

[147]   BoysTown, Submission 29, p. 12.

[148]   Ms Robyn Treyvaud, Founder, Cyber Safe Kids, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS35.

[149]   NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 26.

[150]   Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 19; Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS5.

[151]   Dr Barbara Spears, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS14.

[152]   NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 29.

[153]   Australian Youth Affairs Coalition, Submission 28, p. 7.

[154]   Professor Phillip Slee, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS17.

[155]   Mrs Tiffany Downing, Director, Office of Youth, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS19.

[156]   Mr Michael Wilkinson, Executive Secretary, Queensland Catholic Education Commission, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS28.

[157]   Associate Professor Bjorn Landfeldt, University of Sydney, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS30.

[158]   Australian Institute of Criminology, Submission 56, p. 13.

[159]   Ms Samantha Yorke, Legal Director, Yahoo!7, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS23.

[160]   Yahoo!7, Submission 2, p. 2.

[161]   Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS39.

[162]   Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 59, p. 4.

Chapter 4 Cyber-stalking, online grooming and sexting

[1]       Peer Support Australia, Submission 48, p. 6.

[2]       Australian Institute of Criminology, Submission 56, p. 10 citing Mullen PE, Pathé M and Purcell R 2009. Stalkers and their victims (2nd ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[3]        See Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 4; Ms Sonya Ryan, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS59. Cyber-stalking may also become sexual grooming: see below.

[4]       Mental Health Council of Australia, Submission 52, p. 4 citing Purcell R, Flower T, Mullen P, 2009, ‘Adolescent stalking: Offence characteristics and effectiveness of intervention orders’, Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, 369. Canberra, ACT.

[5]       Australian Institute of Criminology, Submission 56, p. 9 citing Slonje R and Smith PK, 2008, ‘Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying?’ Scandinavian journal of psychology 49(2): 147–154.

[6]       Childnet International, Submission 18, pp. 3-4.

[7]       Australian Institute of Criminology, Submission 56, p. 9, citing Cox Communications, 2007, www.cox.com/TakeCharge/includes/docs/survey_results_2007.ppt

[8]       BraveHearts, Submission 34, p. 6, citing Choo K, 2009, ‘Online Child Grooming: A literature review on the misuse of social networking sites for grooming children for sexual offences’, Canberra, Australian Institute of Criminology Research and Public Policy Series No. 103 and Child Exploitation and On-line Protection Centre, 2007, available at http://www.ceop.gov.uk/

[9]       BraveHearts, Submission 34, p. 6.

[10]     BraveHearts, Submission 34, p. 6.

[11]     Ms Sonya Ryan, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, pp. CS59, 64, 72.

[12]     Ms Sonya Ryan, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS59.

[13]     Mental Health Council of Australia, Submission 52, p. 4, citing Cross et al, 2009, Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study, Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Edith Cowan University.

[14]     iKeepSafe, Submission 101, p. 5.

[15]     Ms Sonya Ryan, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS59.

[16]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 4.

[17]     Mr Mark Newton, Submission 15, p. 7.

[18]     Ms Candice Jansz, Submission 44, p. 3.

[19]     Ms Candice Jansz, Submission 44, p. 4.

[20]     National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, Submission 138, p. 6.

[21]     NSW Primary Principal’s Association Inc, Submission 69, p. 3.

[22]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, pp. 3-4.

[23]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, pp. 19- 20.

[24]     Mental Health Council of Australia, Submission 52, p. 4 citing Cross et al, 2009, Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study, Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Edith Cowan University.

[25]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 5; Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 19.

[26]     Mr Peter Coroneos, Chief Executive Officer, Internet Industry Association, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS31.

[27]     Youth Affairs Council of South Australia, Supplementary Submission 25.1, p. 9, citing Ybarra M and Mitchell K, 2008, ‘How risky are social networking sites? A comparison of Places Online where youth sexual solicitation and harassment occurs’, Pediatrics 121: 350-357.

[28]     Youth Affairs Council of South Australia, Supplementary Submission 25.1, p. 9, citing Ybarra M and Mitchell K, 2008, ‘How risky are social networking sites? A comparison of Places Online where youth sexual solicitation and harassment occurs’, Pediatrics, 121: p. 355.

[29]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 21.

[30]     BraveHearts, Submission 34, p. 6, citing Choo K, 2009, ‘Online Child Grooming: A literature review on the misuse of social networking sites for grooming children for sexual offences’, Canberra, Australian Institute of Criminology Research and Public Policy Series No. 103. .

[31]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 19 citing Australian Institute of Criminology, 2009, research: www.aic.gov.au/publications/current series/tandi/361-380/tandi379.aspx.

[32]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 26.

[33]     South Australia Police, Submission 86, p. 2.

[34]     Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS28; Mr Peter Coroneos, Chief Executive Officer, Internet Industry Association, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS31.

[35]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 20.

[36]     Australian Institute of Criminology, Submission 56, p. 5  citing Griffith G and Roth L, 2007, ‘Protecting children from online sexual predators’, NSW Parliamentary Library briefing paper no. 10/07. Sydney: NSW Parliamentary Library, http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/0/3043E49AB3F4ABF9CA2573530006F989/$File/Dealing%20with%20Online%20PredatorsFINAL&INDEX.pdf and Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, 2010,  Annual report 2008 – 2009,  http://www.cdpp.gov.au/Publications/AnnualReports/CDPP-Annual-Report-2008-2009.pdf

[37]     Mr Bruce Arnold, Submission 60, pp. 5-6.

[38]     Youth Affairs Council of South Australia, Submission 25, p. 2.

[39]     Youth Affairs Council of South Australia, Submission 25, p. 2.

[40]     Mr Bruce Arnold, Submission 60, p. 6.

[41]     Youth Affairs Council of South Australia, Supplementary Submission 25.1, p. 4.

[42]     Youth Affairs Council of South Australia, Supplementary Submission 25.1, p. 11, citing Ybarra M, Espelage D and Mitchell K, 2007, ‘The occurrence of internet harassment and unwanted sexual solicitation victimisation and perpetration: association with psychosocial indicators’, Journal of Adolescent Health 41: 31-41.

[43]     National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, Submission 138, p. 7, citing Lamont A, 2011, ‘Who Abuses Children’, Resource Sheet, Australian Institute of Family Studies, p. 3.

[44]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 21.

[45]     Parents Victoria, Submission 143, p. 2.

[46]     ninemsn, Submission 91, pp. 5-6.

[47]     Yahoo!7, Submission 2, p. 2.

[48]     BoysTown, Submission 29, p. 12; Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 22. See also Device Connections, Submission 51, p. 3, for another definition.

[49]     Childnet International, Submission 18, pp. 2-3 citing www.swgfl.org.uk/Staying-Safe/Sexting-Survey.

[50]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 22.

[51]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 11.

[52]     Associate Professor Karen Vered, Department of Screen and Media, Flinders University, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS42.

[53]     Dr Judith Slocombe, Chief Executive Officer, Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS46.

[54]     BoysTown, Submission 29, p.13.

[55]     Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS45.

[56]     iKeepSafe, Submission 101, p. 6.

[57]     Dr Paul Weldon, Research Fellow, Australian Council for Educational Research Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS46.

[58]     Device Connections Pty Ltd, Submission 51, p. 12.

[59]     Ms Robyn Treyvaud, Founder, Cyber Safe Kids, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS39.

[60]     Dr Barbara Spears, Senior Lecturer, School of Education, University of South Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS46.

[61]     Berry Street Submission 95, p. 11.

[62]     NT Government, Submission 84, p. 7.

[63]     BoysTown, Submission 29, p.14.

[64]     Civil Liberties Australia, Submission 23, p. 4.

[65]     Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS13.

[66]     Ms Kelly Vennus, Programs and Training Manager, Stride Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, pp. CS6-7, 9; Dr Gerald White, Principal Research Fellow, Australian Council for Educational Research, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS49; Dr Helen McGrath, Psychologist,  Australian Psychological Society, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS65.

[67]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 24.

[68]     NSW Secondary Principals Council, Submission 32, p. 2.

[69]     BoysTown, Submission 29, p.14.

[70]     iKeepSafe, Submission 101, p. 6. For a different figure of use of social networking sites by potential employers in the US, see also Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, pp. CS13, 45.

[71]     Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, pp. CS45-46; Dr Gerald White, Principal Research Fellow, Australian Council for Educational Research, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS49.

[72]     Civil Liberties Australia, Submission 23, p. 5.

[73]     Dr Helen McGrath, Psychologist, Australian Psychological Society, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS66.

[74]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 22.

[75]     BoysTown, Submission 29, p.15, citing Battersby, Lucy: ‘Sexting: fears as teens charged’. July 10, 2008 http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2008/07/10/1215282979671.html.

[76]     BoysTown, Submission 29, p.14, citing Lenhart A (2009) Teens and Sexting: How and why minor teens are sending sexually suggestive nude or nearly nude images via text messaging. Pew Internet and American Life Project.

[77]     Australian Institute of Criminology, Submission 56, p. 9.

[78]     Australian Council for Computers in Education, Submission 128, p. 3.

[79]     Family Online Safety Institute, Submission 38, p. 9.

[80]     National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, Submission 138, p. 7.

[81]     Ms Megan Price, Senior Research Officer, BoysTown, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS19.

[82]     BoysTown, Submission 29, p.15.

[83]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 21.

[84]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 21.

[85]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 22.

[86]     Name withheld, Submission 140, p. 1.

[87]     Hon Mozelle Thompson, Chief Privacy Advisor, Facebook, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. 26.

[88]     National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, Submission 138, p. 7.

Chapter 5 Breaches of privacy and identity theft

[1]       Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p. 4.

[2]       Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p. 4.

[3]       NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 14.

[4]       Victorian Privacy Commissioner: Submission 59, p. 3; Ms Helen Versey, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, pp. CS68, 79.

[5]       Ms Helen Versey, Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS68.

[6]       Senate Environment and Communications References Committee: The adequacy of protections for the privacy of Australians online, pp. vii-ix.

[7]       Senate Environment and Communications References Committee: The adequacy of protections for the privacy of Australians online, pp. vii-ix. Tabled on 7 April 2011.

[8]       Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 5; Ms Helen Versey, Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS71.

[9]       Mental Health Council of Australia, Submission 52, p. 4.

[10]     Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 9.

[11]     Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p. 5.

[12]     Association of Independent Schools of SA, Submission 19, p. 11.

[13]     Ms Helen Versey, Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS69.

[14]     South Australian Office for Youth, Submission 98, p. 3.

[15]     Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p. 5

[16]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 11.

[17]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 19.

[18]     Dr Barbara Spears, Senior Lecturer, School of Education, University of South Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS25.

[19]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 7; Ms Kelly Vennus, Programs and Training Manager, Stride Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS18.

[20]     Armorlog International, Submission 4, p. 3.

[21]     Armorlog International, Submission 4, p. 2.

[22]     For authenticity, throughout the Report, emails from young people have been incorporated in the form received.

[23]     Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Submission 111, p. 4.

[24]     Mrs Tiffany Downing, Director, South Australian Office of Youth, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS25.

[25]     Victorian Privacy Commissioner: Ms Helen Versey, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, pp. CS71, 79; Submission 59, p. 7; Mrs Tiffany Downing, South Australian Office of Youth, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS25.

[26]     Youth Affairs Council of South Australia, Supplementary Submission 25.1, pp. 16-17.

[27]     Ms Candice Jansz, Submission 44, p. 4.

[28]     Dr Russell Smith, Principal Criminologist, Manager Global Economic and Electronic Crime Program, Australian Institute of Criminology, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS12.

[29]     Ms Suellen Priest, Policy and Program Officer, Office of Youth SA, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS26.

[30]     Hon Mozelle Thompson, Advisory Board and Policy Adviser, Facebook, Transcript of Evidence, 21 March 2011, pp. CS7-8.

[31]     Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p. 5. See www.privacy.gov.au/publications/rcommunity07.pdf for this survey. Accessed 9 February 2011.

[32]     Australian Youth Affairs Coalition, Submission 28, pp. 9-10, citing Office of Privacy Commissioner (2007) Community Attitudes to Privacy, Office of Privacy Commissioner, p. 61.

[33]     Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p. 5; Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 59, p. 4.

[34]     Ms Helen Versey, Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS69.

[35]     Senate Environment and Communications References Committee: The adequacy of protections for the privacy of Australians online, pp. vii-ix.

[36]     Senate Environment and Communications References Committee: The adequacy of protections for the privacy of Australians online, pp. vii-ix.

[37]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 27.

[38]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 7.

[39]     Childnet International, Submission 18, p. 4.

[40]     Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p. 6; Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 59, p. 3

[41]     Federation of Parents and Citizens’ Associations of New South Wales, Submission 76, p. 4.

[42]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 7.

[43]     Commander Grant Edwards, Acting National Manager, High Tech Crime Operations, Australian Federal Police, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS3.

[44]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 7.

[45]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 7.

[46]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, pp. 6- 7.

[47]     Office of the Privacy Commissioner, Submission 92, p.7.

[48]     Dr Roger Clarke, Transcript of Evidence, 21 March 2011, p. CS28.

[49]     Dr Roger Clarke, Transcript of Evidence, 21 March 2011, p. CS29.

[50]     Victorian Office Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 5

[51]     Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 5.

[52]     National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, Submission 138, p. 8.

[53]     Office of Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 59, p. 3.

[54]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, pp. 6, 7.

[55]     Armorlog International, Submission 4, p. 2.

[56]     Ms Helen Versey, Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS68.

[57]     Hon Mozelle Thompson, Chief Privacy Advisor, Facebook, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS16.

[58]     Dr Anthony Bendall, Deputy Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS74

[59]     Ms Helen Versey, Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS74.

[60]     Office of Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 59, p. 4, citing Report of the Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Review of existing Australian and International Cyber-Safety Research, May 2009.

[61]     Victorian Privacy Commissioner: Submission 59, pp. 4- 5; Ms Helen Versey, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS74.

[62]     Office of Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 59, p. 4.

[63]     Office of Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 59, p. 5.

[64]     Office of Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 59, p. 3.

[65]     Privacy NSW, Submission 61, p. 3.

[66]     Office of Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 59, p. 5.

[67]     Victorian Privacy Commissioner: Submission 59, p. 6; Ms Helen Versey, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS68;  Dr Anthony Bendall, Deputy Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS74.

[68]     Office of Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 59, p. 6.

[69]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 27.

[70]     Ms Helen Versey, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS68; Victorian Privacy Commissioner: Submission 59, p. 6.

[71]     Office of Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Submission 59, p. 2, citing Information Privacy Act 2000 (Vic) and Privacy Act 1988 (Cth).

[72]     Mr Stuart Strathdee, Chief Security Adviser, Microsoft Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 21 March 2011, p. CS16.

[73]     Ms Jennifer Duxbury, Director, Compliance, Regulatory and Corporate Affairs, ninemsn, Transcript of Evidence, 21 March 2011, p. CS16.

[74]     Hon Mozelle Thompson, Advisory Board and Policy Adviser, Facebook, Transcript of Evidence, 21 March 2011, p. CS17.

[75]     Ms Samantha Yorke, Legal Director, Asia Pacific Region, Yahoo!7, Transcript of Evidence, 21 March 2011, p. CS17.

[76]     Ms Samantha Yorke, Legal Director, Asia Pacific Region, Yahoo!7, Transcript of Evidence, 21 March 2011, p. CS18.

[77]     Senate Environment and Communications References Committee: The adequacy of protections for the privacy of Australians online, pp. vii-ix.

[78]     Ms Helen Versey, Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS73.

[79]     Dr Anthony Bendall, Deputy Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS70, citing the Federal Trade Commissioner’s Report Protecting consumer privacy in an era of rapid change: a proposed framework for businesses and policymakers. Released December 2010.

[80]     Dr Anthony Bendall, Deputy Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS73.

[81]     Dr Anthony Bendall, Deputy Victorian Privacy Commissioner, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS70.

[82]     Senate Environment and Communications References Committee: The adequacy of protections for the privacy of Australians online, pp. vii-ix.

[83]     Senate Environment and Communications References Committee: The adequacy of protections for the privacy of Australians online, pp. vii-ix.

[84]     Senate Environment and Communications References Committee: The adequacy of protections for the privacy of Australians online, pp. vii-ix.

[85]     Senate Environment and Communications References Committee: The adequacy of protections for the privacy of Australians online, pp. vii-ix.

[86]     Senate Environment and Communications References Committee: The adequacy of protections for the privacy of Australians online, pp. vii-ix

Chapter 6 Other significant cyber-safety complexities

[1]       Mr Craig Scroggie, Vice President and Managing Director, Asia Pacific Region, Symantec Corporation, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS3.

[2]       Dr Judith Slocombe, Chief Executive Officer, Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS48.

[3]       Anonymous correspondence received on 14 December 2010.

[4]       Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Submission 120, pp. 5, 8.

[5]       Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Submission 120, pp. 5, 8.

[6]       Dr Helen McGrath, Psychologist, Australian Psychological Society, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, pp. CS63-64.

[7]       Australian Youth Affairs Coalition, Submission 28, p. 6.

[8]       Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 24.

[9]       Associate Professor Sheryl Hemphill, Senior Research Fellow, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS21.

[10]     Murdoch Children’s Research Institute: Submission 111, p. 3.

[11]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, pp. 25- 26.

[12]     Mr John Pitcher, Director of Strategic Business Development, Netbox Blue, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS17.

[13]     Mr Geordie Guy Submission 105, p. 10.

[14]     Mr Bruce Arnold, Submission 60, p. 5.

[15]     Internet Industry Association, Submission 88, pp. 5-6.

[16]     Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 14.

[17]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 11.

[18]     Mr David d’Lima, South Australia State Officer, Family Voice Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS53.

[19]     Youth Affairs Council of South Australia, Supplementary Submission 25.1, p. 12.

[20]     Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner,  Submission 30, p. 3.

[21]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 23.

[22]     Ms Kate Lyttle, Secretary, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS25.

[23]     Ms Catherine Davis, Federal Women’s Officer, Australian Education Union, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS25.

[24]     Ms Dianne Butland, Executive Member, State Council, Federation of Parents and Citizens Associations of New South Wales, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS 34.

[25]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 10.

[26]     NSW Government, Submission 94, pp. 11-12.

[27]     Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, Submission 109, pp. 4-5.

[28]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 6.

[29]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, pp. 22-23.  

[30]     Family Voice Australia: Submission 50, p. 2.

[31]     Family Voice Australia: Submission 50, p. 3; Mr Richard Egan, National Policy Officer, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS53.

[32]     Mr Richard Egan, National Policy Officer, Family Voice Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS53.

[33]     headspace, Submission 127, p. 4.

[34]     headspace, Submission 127, p. 4.

[35]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 23.

[36]     Mr David d’Lima, South Australia State Officer, Family Voice Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS52; Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 22.

[37]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 22.

[38]     Australian Youth Affairs Coalition, Submission 28, p. 6.

[39]     Family Online Safety Institute, Submission 38, p. 7.

Chapter 7 The decision to post

[1]       Survey respondent, Female aged 17.

[2]       Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006-07: Household Use of Information Technology Survey.

[3]       Yerbury, H. 2010, ‘Who to be? Generations X and Y in civil society online’, Youth Studies Australia, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 31.

[4]       A Giddens, 1991, Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age, Stanford University Press, California, pp. 77-79.

[5]       Yerbury, H. 2010, ‘Who to be? Generations X and Y in civil society online’, Youth Studies Australia, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 31.

[6]       Yerbury, H. 2010, ‘Who to be? Generations X and Y in civil society online’, Youth Studies Australia, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 28.

[7]       Yerbury, H. 2010, ‘Who to be? Generations X and Y in civil society online’, Youth Studies Australia, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 28.

[8]       Jedidiah, Submission 133, p. 1.

[9]       Collin, P. et al, 2011 The Benefits of Social Networking Services, Cooperative Research Centre for Young People, Technology and Wellbeing, p. 16.

[10]     Collin, P. et al, 2011 The Benefits of Social Networking Services, Cooperative Research Centre for Young People, Technology and Wellbeing, p. 16.

[11]     Yerbury, H. 2010, ‘Who to be? Generations X and Y in civil society online’, Youth Studies Australia, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 28.

[12]     Hayden, High School Forum Participant, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS22.

[13]     Amanda, High School Forum Participant, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS22.

[14]     Yerbury, H. 2010, ‘Who to be? Generations X and Y in civil society online’, Youth Studies Australia, vol. 29, no. 2.

[15]     Collin P, et al, 2011, The Benefits of Social Networking Services, Cooperative Research Centre for Young People, Technology and Wellbeing, p. 17.

[16]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 49.

[17]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 49.

[18]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 49.

[19]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 8.

[20]     Mr John Dalgleish, Manager, Strategy and Research, BoysTown, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS15.

[21]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 4.

[22]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 4.

[23]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 4.

[24]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 8.

[25]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 49.

[26]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 49.

[27]     Survey respondent, Male aged 14.

[28]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2009, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, p. 5.

[29]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2009, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, p. 5.

[30]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2009, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, p. 5.

[31]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 9.

[32]     High School Forum, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS8.

[33]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 9.

[34]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2009, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, p. 53.

[35]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2009, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, p. 9.

[36]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2009, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, p. 53.

[37]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2009, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, p. 49.

[38]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 51.

[39]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 51.

[40]     Survey respondent, Female aged 15.

[41]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 53.

[42]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 9.

[43]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p 4.

[44]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Click & Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media – Part 1, 2009, p. 54.

[45]     High School Forum, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, pp. CS25-26.

[46]     Yerbury, H. 2010, ‘Who to be? Generations X and Y in civil society online’, Youth Studies Australia, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 28.

[47]     Yerbury, H. 2010, ‘Who to be? Generations X and Y in civil society online’, Youth Studies Australia, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 29.

[48]     Amanda, High School Forum participant, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS18.

[49]     Victoria, High School Forum participant, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS18.

[50]     High School Forum, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS14.

[51]     High School Forum, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS14.

[52]     Samantha, High School Forum participant, Transcript of Evidence 20 April 2011, p. CS17.

[53]     Madeline, High School Forum participant, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS16.

[54]     High School Forum, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, pp. CS16-18.

[55]     High School Forum, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS17.

[56]     Amy, High School Forum participant, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS17.

[57]     Imogen, High School Forum participant, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS13.

[58]     High School Forum, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, pp. CS16-18.

[59]     High School Forum. Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS8.

[60]     Jacqui, High School Forum participant, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS10.

Chapter 8 Schools

[1]       Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 8.

[2]       Mr Darren Kane, Director, Corporate Security and Investigations and Officer of Internet Trust and Safety, Telstra Corporation, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS3.

[3]       Ms Catherine Davis, Federal Women’s Officer, Australian Education Union, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS15.

[4]       Dr Barbara Spears, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS17; Mr Robert Knight, Executive Officer, Education, Queensland Catholic Education Commission, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS24; NSW Secondary Principals’ Council, Submission 32, p. 4.

[5]       Ms Barbara Biggins, Honorary Chief Executive Officer, Australian Council on Children and the Media, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS49.

[6]       Associate Professor Karen Vered, Department of Screen and Media, Flinders University, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, pp. CS36, 40.

[7]       ACT Council of Parents’ and Citizens’ Associations, Submission 41, p. 3; Mr Craig Scroggie, Vice President and Managing Director, Pacific Region, Symantec Corporation, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS8.

[8]       Dr Helen McGrath: Psychologist, Australian Psychological Society, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS59; School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS36. Associate Professor Karen Vered, Department of Screen and Media, Flinders University, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS37.

[9]       Dr Gerald White, Principal Research Fellow, Australian Council for Educational Research, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS48.

[10]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 43; Mr Mark Anghel, Assistant  Secretary, Legal Services, Queensland Teachers’ Union, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS1

[11]     Mr Jeremy Hurley, Manager, National Education Agenda, Principals Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS9.

[12]     Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Submission 111, p. 4.

[13]     Ms Dianne Butland, Executive Member, Federation of Parents and Citizens Associations of NSW, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS37.

[14]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 11.

[15]     Associate Professor Sheryl Hemphill, Senior Research Fellow, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS26; Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS16. Murdoch Children’s Research Institute: Submission 111, p. 5.

[16]     Ms Catherine Davis, Federal Women’s Officer, Australian Education Union, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS4; Mr Philip Lewis, Chair, Association of Principals of Catholic Secondary Schools (SA), Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS3.

[17]     NSW Secondary Principal’s Council, Submission 32, p. 3; Mr Chris Watt, Federal Secretary, Independent Education Union of Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, pp. CS14-15.

[18]     NSW Secondary Principal’s Council, Submission 32, p. 3; See also Ms Kelly Vennus, Programs and Training Officer, Stride Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS11; Ms Robyn Treyvaud, Founder, Cyber Safe Kids, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS31.

[19]     Federation of Parents and Citizens’ Associations of New South Wales, Submission 76, p. 3.

[20]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance: Submission 62, p. 29; Dr Barbara Spears, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS16.

[21]     Mr Greg Cox, Department of Education and Children’s Services, SA, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, pp. CS72-73.

[22]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, pp. CS16, 30; Mr Greg Cox, Department of Education and Children’s Services, SA, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS69. 

[23]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS30.

[24]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS16; Mr Greg Cox, Department of Education and Children’s Services, SA, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS68.

[25]    Mr Chris Watt, Federal Secretary, Independent Education Union of Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS15; Ms Georgie Ferrari, Chief Executive Officer, Youth Affairs Council of Victoria, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS33.

[26]     Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, School of Learning and Professional Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS12

[27]     New South Wales Secondary Principals Council, Submission 32, p. 3.

[28]     Mr Jeremy Hurley, Manager, National Education Program, Principals Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS9. New South Wales Secondary Principals’ Council, Submission 32, p. 3.

[29]     Material in this section was drawn from Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Submission 135, pp. 7-8.

[30]     Australian Council of Educational Research, Submission 20, pp. 3-4 citing the Ministerial Council for Employment, Education, Training, and Youth Affairs (MCEETYA), 2008,  Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians. Melbourne: MCEETYA. Retrieved May 20, 2010, from http://www.curriculum.edu.au/verve/_resources/National_ Declaration_on_the_Educational_Goals_for_Young_Australians.pdf. This body has been replaced by the Ministerial Council of Education, Early Childhood Development and Youth Affairs.

[31]     Australian Council of Educational Research, Submission 20, p. 7.

[32]     Mr Robert Knight, Executive Officer, Education, Queensland Catholic Education Commission, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS30; Mr Mark Anghel, Assistant Secretary, Legal Services, Welfare, Queensland Teachers Union, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS8.

[33]     Queensland Teachers Union: Submission 21, p. 1; Mr Mark Anghel, Assistant Secretary, Legal Services, Welfare, Queensland Teachers Union, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, pp. CS1, 8. 

[34]     Australian Parents Council, Submission 10, p. 4.

[35]     Australian Secondary Principal’s Association, Submission 33, p. 3.

[36]     Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority, Submission 119, pp. 1-2.

[37]     South Australian Commission for Catholic Schools, Submission 9, p. 3.

[38]     Ms Andree Wright, Acting General Manager, Consumer, Content and Citizen Division, Australian Communications and Media Authority, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS4.

[39]     Ms Andree Wright, Acting General Manager, Consumer, Content and Citizen Division, ACMA, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS19.

[40]     Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, School of Learning and Professional Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS30.

[41]     Australian Education Union, Tasmanian Branch, Submission 137, pp. 1-2

[42]     Association of Independent Schools of SA, Submission 19, p. 8.

[43]     Professor Philip Slee, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS12; Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance: Submission 62, p. 27. See also Associate Professor Sheryl Hemphill, Senior Research Fellow, Murdoch Child Research Institute, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS26.

[44]     Dr Gerald White, Principal Research Fellow, Australian Council of Educational Research, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS48.

[45]     Australian Council of Education Research, Submission 20, p. 7 citing Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (2010) Are the New Millennium Learners making the Grade? Technology use and eduacational performance in PISA, Paris CERI, OECD.

[46]      Alannah and Madeline Foundation: Submission 22, p. 8; Dr Judith Slocombe, Chief Executive Officer, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS37.

[47]     Australian Parents Council, Submission 10, pp. 2-3.

[48]     Netbox Blue, Submission 17, p. 4.

[49]     Roar Educate, Submission 100, p. 6.

[50]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 12.

[51]     Mrs Tiffany Downing, Director, Office of Youth SA, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, pp. CS19-20.

[52]     Dr Judith Slocombe, Chief Executive Officer, Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS37.

[53]     Australian Secondary Principal’s Association, Submission 33, p. 3.

[54]     Netbox Blue, Submission 17, pp. 4-5.

[55]     NSW Secondary Principals Council, Submission 32, p. 5.

[56]     Australian Education Union, Tasmanian Branch, Submission 137, p. 2.

[57]     Australian Education Union, Tasmanian Branch, Submission 137, p. 2.

[58]     Australian Education Union, Tasmanian Branch, Submission 137, p. 3.

Chapter 9 Teachers

[1]       Mental Health Council of Australia, Submission 52, p. 6. See also http://www.ncab.org.au/ConferenceInfo/, Navigating the Maze: cybersafety and wellbeing solutions for schools conference.

[2]       Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 15 citing Cross et al, 2009, the Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study, Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Edith Cowan University.

[3]       Ms Candice Jansz, Submission 44, p. 5.

[4]       Mr Greg Cox, Department of Education and Children’s Services, SA, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS69.

[5]       Australian Secondary Principal’s Association, Submission 33, p. 3.

[6]       NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 26.

[7]       Australian Council of Educational Research, Submission 20, pp. 7-8.

[8]       Australian Council of Education Research, Submission 20, p. 7, citing Pierce R and Ball L, 2009, ‘Perceptions that may affect teacher’s intentions to use technology in secondary mathematics classes’ Educational Studies in Mathematics 71(3): 299-317.

[9]       Ms Catherine Davis, Federal Women’s Officer, Australian Education Union, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS15.

[10]     Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS20:  Ms Kate Lyttle, Secretary, Australian Parents’ Council; Ms Catherine Davis, Federal Women’s Officer, Australian Education Union.

[11]     Dr Barbara Spears: Senior Lecturer, School of Education, University of South Australia , Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS38 (and see Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 24, for some results of this survey.) Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS17.

[12]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance: Submission 62, pp. 24- 25; Dr Barbara Spears, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, pp. CS14-15.

[13]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS33; Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 5.

[14]      Australian Communications and Media Authority: Submission 80, p. 2; Ms Andree Wright, Acting General Manager, Digital Economy Division, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS3. See Dr Helen McGrath, Psychologist, Australian Psychological Society, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS61, for the success of its programs for teachers.

[15]     Parents Victoria Inc, Submission 143, p. 3.

[16]     NSW Secondary Principals Council, Submission 32, p. 3; Mr Mark Anghel, Assistant  Secretary, Legal Services, Welfare, Queensland Teachers Union, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, pp. CS2, 8.

[17]     Mr Mark Anghel, Assistant  Secretary, Legal Services, Welfare, Queensland Teachers Union, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS1.

[18]     Australian Education Union, Submission 11, p. 9.

[19]     Australian Education Union, Submission 11, p. 9; Ms Diane Butland, Executive Member, Federation of Parents’ and Citizen’s Associations of NSW, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS5.

[20]     NSW Secondary Principals Council, Submission 32, p. 3.

[21]     NSW Teachers Federation, Submission 73, p. 4

[22]     Queensland Teachers Union: Submission 21, p. 1; Mr Mark Anghel, Queensland Teachers Union, Assistant  Secretary, Legal Services, Welfare, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS2.

[23]     Mr Mark Anghel, Queensland Teachers Union, Assistant  Secretary, Legal Services, Welfare, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, pp. CS2, 5.

[24]      Mr Mark Anghel, Queensland Teachers Union, Assistant  Secretary, Legal Services, Welfare, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, pp. CS3, 5, 6.

[25]     Queensland Catholic Education Commission: Submission 67, p. 5.

[26]     Australian Education Union, Submission 11, p. 9; Mr Michael Wilkinson, Executive Secretary, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS29; Mr Mark Anghel, Assistant Secretary, Legal Services, Welfare, Queensland Teachers Union, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS4.

[27]     Mr Michael Wilkinson, Executive Secretary, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, pp. CS29, 30; Queensland Catholic Education Commission: Submission 67, p. 2.

[28]     Mr Michael Wilkinson, Executive Secretary, Queensland Catholic Education Commission, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS30.

[29]     Ms Donna Ashelford, Board Member, National Management Committee, System Administrators’ Guild of Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS69.

[30]     Mr Trevor Hill, Department of Education, Tasmania, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, pp. CS6-7.

[31]     Netbox Blue, Submission 17, p. 6.

[32]     Mr Michael O’Leary, Executive Director, Information and Technologies Branch, Web and Digital Delivery, Department of Education and Training (Qld), Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS82.

[33]     Association of Independent Schools of South Australia, Submission 19, p. 4.

[34]     Association of Independent Schools of South Australia, Submission 19, p. 14.

[35]     Association of Independent Schools of South Australia, Submission 19, p. 16.

[36]     NSW Teachers Federation, Submission 73, p. 3.

[37]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS32.

[38]     Australian Council of Educational Research, Submission 20, p. 7.

[39]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 24

Chapter 10 Whole-of-school community

[1]       Mr Jeremy Hurley, Manager, National Education Agenda, Principals Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS9.

[2]       Australian Council of Educational Research: Submission 20, pp. 7-8; Dr Gerald White, Principal Research Fellow, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, pp. CS41, 46- 48, 50. See also Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell: School of Learning and Professional Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS32; Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS9; Ms Kate Lyttle, Secretary, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS31.

[3]       Australian Council of Educational Research, Submission 20, pp. 6-7.

[4]       NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 23; Mr Jeremy Hurley, Manager, National Educational Agenda, Principals Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS8.

[5]       Dr Judith Slocombe, Chief Executive Officer, Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS7.

[6]       Ms Catherine Davis, Federal Women’s Officer, Australian Education Union, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. 32.

[7]       See Ms Kate Lyttle, Secretary, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS37.

[8]       Australian Parents Council, Submission 10, p. 4.

[9]       Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 18

[10]     Family Online Safety Institute, Submission 38, p. 17.

[11]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS19.

[12]     ACT Council of P&C Associations, Submission 41, p. 8.

[13]     Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 5.

[14]     Ms Kate Lyttle, Secretary, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS6.

[15]     Mr Norm Fuller, President, Queensland Secondary Principals Association, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS75.

[16]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 8.

[17]     Ms Anita Smith, Senior Education Officer, Brisbane Catholic Education, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS24.

[18]     Mr John Dalgleish, Manager, Strategy and Research, BoysTown, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS15.

[19]     NSW Parent’s Council, Submission 43, p. 3.

[20]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 8.

[21]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 10.

[22]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 11.

[23]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 11.

[24]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 11.

[25]     Australian Secondary Principals’ Association, Submission 33, p. 2.

[26]     Australian Parents Council, Submission 10, p. 1.

[27]     Australian Library and Information Association, Submission 16, p. 12.

[28]     Childnet International, Submission 18, p. 7.

[29]     Ms Andree Wright, Acting General Manager, Consumer, Content and Citizen Division, Australian Communications and Media Authority, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS4.

[30]     Name withheld, Submission 140, p. 2.

[31]     Mr Ian Dalton, Executive Director, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS33.

[32]     Ms Dianne Butland, Executive Member, State Council, Federation of Parents and Citizens Associations of New South Wales, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, pp. CS 17-18.

[33]     Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 5.

[34]     Centre for Children and Young People, Submission 31, p. 2.

[35]     NSW Secondary Principals Council, Submission 32, p. 1.

[36]     Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS8.

[37]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 25.

[38]     ninemsn, Submission 91, p. 5.

[39]     Dr Gerald White, Principal Research Fellow, Australian Council of Educational Research, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS48.

[40]     Mr John Pitcher, Netbox Blue, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, pp. CS34.

[41]     Mr Ian Dalton, Executive Director, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, pp. CS34-35.

[42]     Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS8.

[43]     Ms Lesley-Anne Ey, Executive Committee Member, Australian Council on Children and the Media, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS50.

[44]     BraveHearts, Submission 34, p. 4.

[45]     Association of Children’s Welfare Agencies, Submission 35, p. 3.

[46]     Association of Children’s Welfare Agencies, Submission 35, p. 3.

[47]     Family Online Safety Institute, Submission 38, p. 15.

[48]     Ms Liz Banks, Acting Deputy Secretary, Department of Education, Tasmania, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS3.

[49]     ACT Council of P&C Associations, Submission 41, p. 3.

[50]     ACT Council of P&C Associations, Submission 41, p. 3.

[51]     ACT Council of P&C Associations, Submission 41, p. 6, citing Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010, Feature Article 2: ‘Children and Cyber-safety’ In fACT: Statistical information on the ACT and region, No 1308.8, Canberra, ACT.

[52]     ACT Council of P&C Associations, Submission 41, p. 7.

[53]     ACT Council of P&C Associations, Submission 41, p. 7, citing Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010) Feature Article 2: ‘Children and Cyber-safety’ In fACT: Statistical information on the ACT and region, No 1308.8, Canberra, ACT.

[54]     See www.minister.dbcde.gov.au/media/media_releases/2011/191 of 2 June 2011.

[55]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 11.

[56]     Name withheld, Submission 140, p. 2.

[57]     Communications Law Centre, Submission 63, p. 4.

[58]     Ms Lesley-Anne Ey, Executive Committee Member, Australian Council on Children and the Media, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS49.

[59]     Family Online Safety Institute, Submission 38, p. 15.

[60]     Name withheld, Submission 140, p. 2.

[61]     Communications Law Centre, Submission 63, p. 1.

[62]     Microsoft Australia, Submission 87, p. 7.

[63]     Family Online Safety Institute, Submission 38, p. 16.

[64]     NSW Primary Principal’s Association Inc, Submission 69, p. 2

[65]     ACT Council of P&C Associations, Submission 41, p. 6.

[66]     ACT Council of P&C Associations, Submission 41, p. 7.

[67]     Australian Direct Marketing Association, Submission 36, p. 8.

[68]     Ms Andree Wright, Acting General Manager, Consumer, Content and Citizen Division, Australian Communications Management Authority, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS15.

[69]     ACT Council of P&C Associations, Submission 41, p. 8.

[70]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2009, Click and Connect: Young Australians’ Use of Online Social Media, Part 1, p. 10.

[71]     Ms Liz Banks, Acting Deputy Secretary, Department of Education, Tasmania, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS3.

[72]     Mr Ian Dalton, Executive Director, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS39.

[73]     Ms Annette Atkins, Submission 134, p. 1.

[74]     Mr Ian Dalton, Executive Director, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS37.

[75]     Simon Fraser University, Submission 55, p. 4.

[76]     Mr Ian Dalton, Executive Director, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS35.

[77]     Mr Ian Dalton, Executive Director, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS33.

[78]     Ms Kate Lyttle, Secretary, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS18.

[79]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS19.

[80]     Australian Parents Council, Submission 10, p. 5.

[81]     Mr Simon Cordina, Assistant Secretary, Cyber-safety and Trade Branch, Digital Economy Strategy Division,  Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS18.

[82]     Simon Fraser University, Submission 55, p. 11.

[83]     Microsoft Australia, Submission 87, p. 7.

[84]     Microsoft Australia, Submission 87, p. 7.

[85]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 4.

[86]     Mr Ian Dalton, Executive Director, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS38.

[87]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 8.

[88]     Netbox Blue, Submission 17, p. 4.

[89]     Mr Ian Dalton, Executive Director, Australian Parents Council, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, p. CS36.

[90]     See paragraph 10.41.

[91]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 12.

[92]     Parents Victoria Inc, Submission 143, p. 3.

[93]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 18.

[94]     Imogen, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, pp 18-19.

[95]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, pp. 17, 24.

[96]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 19 citing Cross et al, 2009, the Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study, Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Edith Cowan University.

Chapter 11 Legislative basis

[1]       Attorney-General’s Department: Submission 58, pp. 2-3.

[2]       Ms Sarah Chidgey, Assistant Secretary, Criminal Law and Law Enforcement Branch, Attorney-General’s Department, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS19.

[3]       Attorney-General’s Department, Submissions 58, p. 3.

[4]       Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58.1, p. 1.

[5]       Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 2.

[6]       Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 2.

[7]       Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 9.

[8]       Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 14.

[9]       Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 14.

[10]     Mr Chris Watt, Federal Secretary, Independent Education Union of Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS14.

[11]     Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 9.

[12]     Australian Federal police, Submission 64, p. 10.

[13]     Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 10.

[14]     Commander Grant Edwards, Acting National Manager, High Tech Crime Operations, Australia Federal Police, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS5, 4.

[15]     Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 22.

[16]     Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 23.

[17]     Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 24.

[18]     Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 13.

[19]     Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 13.

[20]     Superintendent Bradley Shallies, National Coordinator, Child Protection Operations, Australian Federal Police, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS40.

[21]     Superintendent Bradley Shallies, National Coordinator Child Protection Operations, Australian Federal Police, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS29.

[22]     Mr Mark Newton, Submission 15, p. 8.

[23]     Dr Russell Smith, Principal Criminologist, Manager, Global Economic and Electronic Crime Program, Australian Institute of Criminology, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS9.

[24]     Ms Sarah Chidgey, Assistant Secretary, Criminal Law and Law Enforcement Branch, Attorney General’s Department, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS20.

[25]     South Australia Police Force, Submission 86, p. 2.

[26]     South Australia Police Force, Supplementary Submission 86.1, p. 2.

[27]     Mr Stewart Healley, Submission 136, p. 45.

[28]     Mr Stewart Healley, Submission 136, p. 45.

[29]     Mr Stewart Healley, Submission 136, p. 84.

[30]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 19.

[31]     Communications Law Centre, Submission 63, p. 6.

[32]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, p. 5.

[33]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, p. 5.

[34]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, p. 5.

[35]     South Australia Police, Submission 86, p. 1.

[36]     South Australia Police, Submission 86, p. 2.

[37]     Mr Greg Cox, Director, Student Wellbeing Department of Education and Children’s Services, SA, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS70.

[38]     South Australia Police, Submission 86, p. 2.

[39]     South Australia Police, Submission 86, p. 2.

[40]     South Australia Police, Submission 86, pp. 2-3.

[41]     Western Australia Office of the Commissioner of Police, Submission 78, p. 2.

[42]     Western Australia Office of the Commissioner of Police, Submission 78, pp. 1-2.

[43]     Western Australia Office of the Commissioner of Police, Submission 78, p. 2.

[44]     Western Australia Office of the Commissioner of Police, Submission 78.1, p. 1.

[45]     Western Australia Office of the Commissioner of Police, Submission 78.1, p. 1.

[46]     Western Australia Office of the Commissioner of Police, Submission 78.1, p. 2.

[47]     Tasmania Police, Submission 85, p. 2.

[48]     Tasmania Police, Submission 85, p. 1.

[49]     Tasmania Police, Submission 85, p. 2.

[50]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 27. See Chapter 11.

[51]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 3.

[52]     Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, School of Learning and Professional Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS26.

[53]     Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, School of Learning and Professional Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS26.

[54]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 4.

[55]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 19.

[56]     Family Online Safety Institute, Submission 38, p. 6.

[57]     Communications Law Centre, Submission 63, p. 6.

[58]     Communications Law Centre, Submission 63, p. 6.

[59]     Mr Stewart Healley, Submission 136, p. 96.

[60]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 4.

[61]     Australian Institute of Criminology, Submission 56, p. 10.

[62]     Ms Sonya Ryan, Director, Carly Ryan Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS64.

[63]     Australian Institute of Criminology, Submission 56, p. 10.

[64]     Mr Stewart Healley, Submission 136, p. 95, citing Butler D, Kift S and M Campbell, ‘Cyber Bullying in School and the Law Is there an effective means of addressing the Power imbalance?’ eLaw Journal: Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law: 16(1) p. 84.

[65]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, pp. 5-6.

[66]     Ms Sonya Ryan, Director, Carly Ryan Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS60.

[67]     Ms Sonya Ryan, Director, Carly Ryan Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS63.

[68]     ACT Council of P&C Associations, Submission 41, p. 12.

[69]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 9.

[70]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS24.

[71]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 29.

[72]     Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 3.

[73]     Victorian Office of the Child Safety Commissioner, Submission 30, p. 3.

[74]     Mr Richard Egan, National Policy Officer, Family Voice Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS55.

[75]     BoysTown, Submission 29, p.15.

[76]     BoysTown, Submission 29, p.14, citing Lenhart A, 2009, Teens and Sexting: How and why minor teens are sending sexually suggestive nude or nearly nude images via text messaging, Pew Internet and American Life Project.

[77]     Australian Library and Information Association, Submission 16, p. 13.

[78]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 6.

[79]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 6.

[80]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, pp. 6-7.

[81]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 7.

[82]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 8.

[83]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p .8.

[84]     Communications Law Centre, Submission 63, p. 6.

[85]     New South Wales Secondary Principals’ Association, Submission 32, p. 3.

[86]     Mr Stewart Healley, Supplementary Submission 136.1, p. 53

[87]     South Australia Police, Supplementary Submission 86.1, p. 2.

[88]     Office of Commissioner of Police, WA Submission 78, p. 3.

[89]     Mr John Lindsay, General Manager, Regulatory and Corporate Affairs, Internode, Transcript of Evidence, 8 July 2010, p. CS11.

[90]     Australian Council for Computers in Education, Submission 128, pp. 2-3.

[91]     Mr Nick Abrahams and Ms Ju Young Lee, Submission 66, p. 1.

[92]     Association of Independent Schools of SA, Submission 19, p. 12.

[93]     Mrs Tiffany Downing, Director, Office of Youth South Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS21.

[94]     Professor Phillip Slee, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS15.

[95]     Australian Council for Computers in Education, Submission 128, p. 2.

[96]     Australian Psychological Society, Submission 90, p. 17.

[97]     New South Wales Director of Public Prosecutions. Submission 47, p. 1.

[98]     New South Wales Director of Public Prosecutions. Submission 47, p. 1.

[99]     Mr Richard Egan, National Policy Officer, FamilyVoice Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS55.

[100]   National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, Submission 138, p. 6.

[101]   National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, Submission 138, p. 8.

[102]   National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, Submission 138, p. 10.

[103]   Mr Stewart Healley, Submission 136, p. 23.

[104]   Mr Stewart Healley, Submission 136, p. 23.

[105]   Name withheld, Submission 130.

[106]   Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, pp. CS13, 16.

[107]   Professor Elizabeth Handsley, President, Board Member and Chair of Executive Committee, Australian Council on Children and the Media, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS45.

[108]   Communications Law Centre, Submission 63, p. 6.

[109]   Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 28.

[110]   Mr Stewart Healley, Submission 136, p. 91.

[111]   Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 27.

[112]   Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 28.

[113]   Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, pp. 28-29.

[114]   Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 2.

[115]   Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 4.

[116]   Australian Institute of Criminology, Submission 56, p. 11, citing Choo K-KR 2009a, Online child grooming: A literature review on the misuse of social networking sites for grooming children for sexual offences, Research and public policy no. 103. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.

[117]   Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 19.

[118]   Australian Institute of Criminology, Submission 56, p. 11.

[119]   Cyber-values, Submission 8, p. 2.

[120]   Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 13.

[121]   Communications Law Centre, Submission 63, p. 6.

[122]   Communications Law Centre, Submission 63, p. 6.

[123]   Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 13.

[124]   Dr Russell Smith, Principal Criminologist, Manager, Global Economic and Electronic Crime Program, Australian Institute of Criminology, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS9.

[125]   Ms Sarah Chidgey, Assistant Secretary, Criminal Law and Law Enforcement Branch, Attorney-General’s Department, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS9.

[126]   Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 5.

[127]   Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 13.

[128]   Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS14.

[129]   Ms Andree Wright, Acting General Manager, Consumer, Content and Citizen Division, Australian Communications and Media Authority, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS15.

Chapter 12 Policing

[1]       Name withheld, Submission 140, p. 2.

[2]       Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 2.

[3]       Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, Submission 49, p. 1.

[4]       Stride Foundation, Submission 6, p. 4.

[5]       Association of Independent Schools of SA, Submission 19, p. 12.

[6]       Professor Elizabeth Handsley, President, Board Member and Chair of Executive Committee, Australian Council on Children and the Media, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS46.

[7]       Stride Foundation, Submission 6, p. 9, citing Signy H, 2007, ‘Bullies who leave no bruises’, The Age, Melbourne.

[8]       Stride Foundation, Submission 6, p. 9, citing Carr-Greg M, 2007, Real Wired Child, Penguin Books, Maryborough, Victoria.

[9]       Mr Stewart Healley, Submission 136, p. 91, citing Butler D, Kift S and M Campbell, 2009, ‘Cyber Bullying in School and the Law Is there an effective means of addressing the Power imbalance?’ eLaw Journal: Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law: 16(1): 84

[10]     Commander Grant Edwards, Acting National Manager, High Tech Crime Operations, Australian Federal Police, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS5

[11]     Mr Bruce Arnold, Submission 60, pp. 3-4.

[12]     Commander Grant Edwards, Acting National Manager, High Tech Crime Operations, Australian Federal Police Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS23.

[13]     Associate Professor Marilyn Campbell, School of Learning and Professional Development, Queensland University of Technology, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS26.

[14]    Dr Judith Slocombe, Chief Executive Officer, Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS26.

[15]     Professor Philip Slee, Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS14.

[16]     Dr Julian Dooley, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS5; Ms Robyn Treyvaud, Founder, Cyber Safe Kids, Transcript of Evidence, December 2010, p. CS35.

[17]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance: Submission 62, p. 27.

[18]     Mr Bruce Arnold, Submission 60, p. 3.

[19]     Mr Bruce Arnold, Submission 60, p. 4.

[20]     Ms Robyn Treyvaud, Founder, Cyber Safe Kids, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2011, pp. CS39-40.

[21]     Associate Professor Sheryl Hemphill, Senior Research Fellow, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS24.

[22]     Queensland Catholic Education Commission, Submission 67, p. 4.

[23]     Family Online Safety Institute, Submission 38, p. 6.

[24]     Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, pp. 28-29.

[25]     Dr Russell Smith, Principal Criminologist, Manager, Global Economic and Electronic Crime Program, Australian Institute of Criminology, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS23.

[26]     Associate Professor Sheryl Hemphill, Principal Research Fellow, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Transcript of Evidence, 9 December 2010, p. CS27; Australian Secondary Principals Association, Submission 33, p. 3.

[27]     Association of Independent Schools of SA, Submission 19, p. 13.

[28]     Association of Independent Schools of SA, Submission 19, p. 13.

[29]     Dr Russell Smith, Principal Criminologist, Manager, Global Economic and Electronic Crime Program, Australian Institute of Criminology, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, p. CS23.

[30]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 25.

[31]     Mr Stewart Healley, Submission 136, p. 46.

[32]     Mr Stewart Healley, Submission 136, p. 135.

[33]     Mr Stewart Healley, Submission 136, p. 44.

[34]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS25.

[35]     Dr Helen McGrath: School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, pp. CS25-26, 28-29. 

[36]     Mr Chris Watt, Federal Secretary, Independent Education Union of Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS28.

[37]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, pp. CS28-29.

[38]     Name withheld, Submission 130, pp. 2-3.

[39]     Name withheld, Submission 130, p. 3.

[40]     Stride Foundation, Submission 6, p. 8.

[41]     Baily, Submission 147, p. 1.

[42]     Lisa, Submission 145, p. 1.

[43]     Dr Helen McGrath, School of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. CS34.

[44]     Google Australia & New Zealand, Submission 13, p. 3.

[45]     Australian Council for Computers in Education, Submission 128, pp. 2-3.

[46]     Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 4.

[47]     Australian Council for Computers in Education, Submission 128, p. 2.

[48]     National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, Submission 138, p. 6.

Chapter 13 An online ombudsman?

[1]       Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association, Media Release, 18 May 2010, Peak body seeks to halt the misuse of the term Ombudsman, p. 1.

[2]       The Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 47.

[3]       Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association, Submission 53, p. 1.

[4]       Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association, Media Release, 18 May 2010, Peak body seeks to halt the misuse of the term Ombudsman, p. 1.

[5]       Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association, Media Release, 18 May 2010, Peak body seeks to halt the misuse of the term Ombudsman, p. 1.

[6]       Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association, Media Release, 18 May 2010, Peak body seeks to halt the misuse of the term Ombudsman, p. 1.

[7]       Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman, Submission 46, p. 6. The Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association Policy Statement provided additional explanation - Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association, Submission 53, p. 5.

[8]       Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association, Media Release, 18 May 2010, Peak body seeks to halt the misuse of the term Ombudsman, p. 1.

[9]       Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman, Submission 46, p. 6.

[10]     Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman, Submission 46, p. 6.

[11]     Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association, Media Release, 18 May 2010, Peak body seeks to halt the misuse of the term Ombudsman, p. 1.

[12]     Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association, Submission 53, p. 1.

[13]     Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association, Submission 53, p. 2.

[14]     Australian and New Zealand Ombudsman Association, Submission 53, p. 2.

[15]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 9.

[16]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58, p. 9.

[17]     Queensland Council of Parents and Citizens’ Associations Inc, Submission 99, p. 2.

[18]     The Australian University Cyberbullying Research Alliance, Submission 62, p. 47.

[19]      Ms Susan McLean, Transcript of Evidence, 9 March 2010, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Reference: Criminal Code Amendment (Misrepresentation of Age to a Minor) Bill 2010, p. 9.

[20]     Centre for Children and Young People, Submission 31, p. 3.

[21]     Mr  Johann Trevaskis, Submission 40, p. 2.

[22]     Mr Johann Trevaskis, Submission 40, p. 2.

[23]     Mr Johann Trevaskis, Submission 40, p. 2.

[24]     System Administrators’ Guild of Australia, Submission 71, p. 8.

[25]     Office of Youth South Australia, Submission 98, p. 5.

[26]     Brilliant Digital Entertainment, Submission 102, p. 9.

[27]     Brilliant Digital Entertainment, Submission 102, p. 9.

[28]     Brilliant Digital Entertainment, Submission 102, p. 10.

[29]     Brilliant Digital Entertainment, Submission 102, p. 10.

[30]     Name withheld, Submission 106, p. 4.

[31]     Name withheld, Submission 106, p. 4.

[32]     Ms Catherine Davis, Federal Women’s Officer, Australian Education Union, Transcript of Evidence, 30 June 2010, p. 4.

[33]     ACT Council of P&C Associations Inc, Submission 41, pp. 3-4.

[34]     ACT Council of P&C Associations Inc, Submission 41, p. 12.

[35]     ACT Council of P&C Associations Inc, Submission 41, p. 12.

[36]     Yahoo!7, Submission 2.1, p. 1.

[37]     Telstra, Submission 14, pp. 2-4.

[38]     Australian Library and Information Association, Submission 16, p. 13.

[39]     Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 25.

[40]     Commander Stephanie Taylor, Australian Federal Police, Hansard 9 March 2010, Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Reference: Criminal Code Amendment (Misrepresentation of Age to a Minor) Bill 2010, p. 13

[41]     The Communications Council Inc, Submission 65, pp. 6-7.

[42]     Association of Independent Schools of South Australia, Submission 19, p. 3.

[43]     Association of Independent Schools of South Australia, Submission 19, p. 15.

[44]     Internet Industry Association, Submission 88, p. 10.

[45]     Internet Industry Association, Submission 88, p. 10.

[46]     Internet Industry Association, Submission 88, pp. 10-11.

[47]     Internet Industry Association, Submission 88, p. 10.

[48]     Internet Industry Association, Submission 88, p. 11.

[49]     ninemsn, Submission 91, p. 6.

[50]     Web Management interactive technologies, Submission 96, p. 9.

[51]     Mr Geordie Guy, Submission 105, p. 16.

[52]     Mr Geordie Guy, Submission 105, p. 16.

[53]     Australian Government’s Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 38.

[54]     Australian Government’s Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 38.

[55]     Australian Government’s Consultative Working Group on Cybersafety, Submission 113, p. 39.

[56]     Association of Independent Schools South Australia, Submission 19, pp. 14-15.

[57]     Association of Independent Schools South Australia, Submission 19, p. 15.

[58]     Association of Independent Schools South Australia, Submission 19, p. 15.

[59]     Association of Independent Schools South Australia, Submission 19, p. 15.

[60]     Association of Independent Schools South Australia, Submission 19, p. 15.

[61]     Association of Independent Schools South Australia, Submission 19, p. 15.

[62]     Association of Independent Schools South Australia, Submission 19, p. 15.

[63]     Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS14.

[64]     Association of Independent Schools South Australia, Submission 19, pp. 15-16.

[65]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 42.

[66]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 42.

[67]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 42.

[68]     Alannah and Madeline Foundation, Submission 22, p. 42.

[69]     Netbox Blue Pty Ltd, Submission 17, p. 6.

[70]     Netbox Blue Pty Ltd, Submission 17, p. 6.

[71]     Netbox Blue Pty Ltd, Submission 17, p. 6.

[72]     Australian Communications Consumer Action Network, Submission 1, p. 5

[73]     Australian Education Union, Submission 11, p. 5.

[74]     Associate Professor Bjorn Landfeldt, University of Sydney, Transcript of Evidence, 24 March 2011, pp. CS25-26.

Chapter 14 Australian responses to cyber-safety issues

[1]       Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, pp. 3-5.

[2]       Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 2.

[3]       Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 5.

[4]       acma(sphere, Issue 62, April 2011, p. 6.

[5]       Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 8.

[6]       Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 8; Australian Federal Police, Submission 64, p. 7.

[7]       Mr Craig Dow Sainter, Managing Director, Roar Educate, Transcript of Evidence, 20 April 2011, pp. CS28-29.

[8]       Ms Andree Wright, Acting General Manager, Digital Economy Division, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS3.

[9]       Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 21.

[10]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 1.

[11]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 1.

[12]     Australian Communications and Media Authority, Submission 80, p. 6.

[13]     Ms Andree Wright, Acting General Manager, Digital Economy Division, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS3.

[14]     Ms Andree Wright, Acting General Manager, Digital Economy Division, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS4.

[15]     Australian Government’s Consultative Working Group on CyberSafety, Submission 113, p. 7.

[16]     Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, pp. CS2.

[17]     Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS22.

[18]     Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, pp. CS22-23.

[19]     Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, pp. CS2-3, 21, 23.

[20]     Ms Patrea Walton, Acting Deputy Director-General, Department of Education and Training, Queensland, Transcript of Evidence, 17 March 2011, p. CS80; Mr Abul Rizvi, Deputy Secretary, Digital Economy and Services Group, Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Transcript of Evidence, 3 March 2011, p. CS17.

[21]     BraveHearts, Submission 34, p. 11.

[22]     Mrs Tiffany Downing, Director, Office for Youth SA, Transcript of Evidence, 3 February 2011, p. CS24.

[23]     Australian Government’s Consultative Working Group on CyberSafety, Submission 113, p. 1.

[24]     Australian Government’s Consultative Working Group on CyberSafety, Submission 113, p. 1.

[25]     Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Submission 135, p. 4.

[26]     Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Submission 135, p. 7.

[27]     Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Submission 135, p. 7.

[28]     Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Submission 135, p. 8.

[29]     Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Submission 135, p. 14.

[30]     Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Submission 135, p. 9.

[31]     Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Submission 135, p. 11.

[32]     Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Submission 135, p. 11.

[33]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58.1, p. 1.

[34]     Attorney-General’s Department, Submission 58.1, p. 1.

[35]     Australian Education Union, Submission 11, pp. 7, 9.

[36]     Australian Government’s Consultative Working Group on CyberSafety, Submission 113, pp. 3-4.

[37]     NSW Government, Submission 94, pp. 2-3

[38]     NSW Government, Submission 94, pp. 23-24.

[39]     Mr Jeremy Hurley, Manager, National Education Agenda, Principals Australia, Transcript of Evidence, 11 June 2010, p. CS8.

[40]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 3.

[41]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 3.

[42]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 17.

[43]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 3.

[44]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 17.

[45]     NSW Government, Submission 94, pp. 18-19.

[46]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 29.

[47]     NSW Government, Submission 94, p. 9.

[48]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, p. 1.

[49]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, p. 2.

[50]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, p. 2.

[51]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, pp. 2-3.

[52]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, p. 3.

[53]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, p. 3.

[54]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, pp. 3-4.

[55]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, p. 4.

[56]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, p. 4.

[57]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, p. 5.

[58]     Victorian Government, Submission 112, p. 4.