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Introduction
Background
Purpose of the Amendments
Obligations
China and Japan’s obligations under the Conventions
Other issues
Consultation
Costs
Legislation
Entry into force and withdrawal
Conclusion and recommendations
Introduction |
5.1 | This chapter reviews two treaty actions that amend existing agreements on the protection of migratory birds and their environment with the Governments of China and Japan. These treaty actions are:
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Background |
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5.2 | Australia has led the conservation of migratory birds throughout the East Asian – Australasian Flyway1 through the Asia Pacific Migratory Waterbird Conservation Strategy 1996-20052 and continues to do so as one of the initiating partners of the WSSD3Type II Partnership4 for Migratory Waterbirds in the East Asian – Australasian Flyway. Australia is in the process of finalising an agreement with the Republic of Korea (ROKAMBA), which is similar to CAMBA and JAMBA.5 A representative of the Department of Environment and Heritage (DEH) informed the Committee that ROKAMBA would come before the Committee early in 2007.6 |
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5.3 | In relation to Australia’s involvement in the Type II Partnership for Migratory Waterbirds in the East Asian – Australasian Flyway, DEH informed the Committee:
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5.4 | Both CAMBA and JAMBA Amendments oblige Contracting Parties to protect bird species (and their environments), which regularly migrate between Australia and China, and Australia and Japan.8 |
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5.5 | The CAMBA Amendments were agreed upon by Australia and China at the 7 th Consultative Meeting on the Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the People’s Republic of China for the Protection of Migratory Birds and their Environment, which entered into force on 1 September 1988.9 |
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5.6 | The JAMBA Amendments were agreed upon by Australia and Japan at the 13 th Consultative Meeting on the Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Japan for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction and their Environment, which entered into force on 30 April 1981.10 |
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Purpose of the Amendments |
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5.7 | The CAMBA Amendments change the Annex to CAMBA to add the Roseate Tern (Sterna dougalli) and remove the Painted Snipe (Rostratula benghalensis). The scientific nomenclature of 17 species currently listed in the Annex will also be amended.11 Nomenclature changes to CAMBA are included in Table 1.12 Table 1 – CAMBA nomenclature changes
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5.8 | The JAMBA Amendments change the Annex to JAMBA to add the Roseate Tern (Sterna dougalli) and update the scientific nomenclature of 14 species currently listed in the Annex.13 Nomenclature changes to JAMBA are included in Table 2.14 Table 2 – JAMBA nomenclature changes
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5.9 | Australia proposed the addition of the Roseate Tern following a bird banding and colour flagging study, which demonstrated that it regularly and predictably migrates between Swain Reef, Queensland15 and Chinese Taipei and Swain Reef and Okinawa, Japan.16 |
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5.10 | Australia proposed the removal of the Painted Snipe from the CAMBA Annex following a taxonomic study that revealed that Painted Snipe found in Australia are a different species to those found in Asia. Therefore, the species does not migrate between Australia and China and should not be included under CAMBA. The Painted Snipe is already protected and included as a threatened species under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). Its removal from CAMBA will not lessen the protection afforded to the species and its habitat.17 |
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5.11 | Changes to nomenclature reflects taxonomy progress since CAMBA and JAMBA entered into force, and ensures that the scientific names of the species reflect the scientific names currently recognised by Contracting Parties for all species in the Annexes.18 |
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5.12 | Collectively, the Amendments ensure the accuracy of the Annexes to CAMBA and JAMBA and the accuracy of the list of migratory species under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).19 |
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Obligations |
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5.13 | Under both CAMBA and JAMBA, Contracting Parties are prohibited to take, sell, purchase or exchange migratory birds or their eggs, except in the following cases:
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5.14 | Contracting Parties are obliged to protect the species listed in the Annexes to CAMBA and JAMBA and to take measures to preserve and enhance the species’ environment.21 |
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5.15 | Contracting Parties are obliged to undertake joint research programs and to exchange data and publications relating to species listed on the Annexes to CAMBA and JAMBA.22 |
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China and Japan’s obligations under the Conventions |
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5.16 | The Committee was interested to understand how China and Japan would fulfil their obligations under CAMBA and JAMBA. In relation to CAMBA DEH stated:
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5.17 | In relation to JAMBA, DEH stated:
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Other issues |
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5.18 | DEH informed the Committee about the type of research that is undertaken in respect to the Roseate Tern:
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5.19 | In addition, DEH stated:
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5.20 | In relation to the number of birds that migrate annually, DEH informed the Committee:
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5.21 | The Committee was also interested to learn about the capacity of migratory birds to carry avian influenza. DEH informed the Committee:
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Consultation |
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5.22 | The Australian Government consulted with Commonwealth, State and Territory agencies30 in relation to the Annexes to CAMBA and JAMBA.31 |
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5.23 | The Department of the Environment and Heritage consulted with the Natural Resource Management Wetlands and Waterbirds Taskforce32 (the Taskforce) and provided a paper to the Taskforce meeting in November 2004 summarising the state of affairs for Australia’s bilateral migratory bird agreements. This paper included the proposed amendments to the Annexes to CAMBA and JAMBA.33 |
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5.24 | The Queensland Environmental Protection Agency supported the addition of the Roseate Tern to the Annexes to CAMBA and JAMBA and was responsible for the research used to determine that Roseate Terns regularly migrate between Australia and Chinese Taipei and Australia and Japan. No agencies raised any concerns regarding the CAMBA and JAMBA Amendments.34 |
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Costs |
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5.25 | No additional costs are expected for Australia to meet its obligations under the CAMBA and JAMBA Amendments.35 |
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Legislation |
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5.26 | The EPBC Act will be amended to update the list of migratory species pursuant to Division 2 of Part 13 of the EPBC Act.36 |
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Entry into force and withdrawal |
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5.27 | The Amendments will enter into force 90 days after the date upon which each Party informs the other through diplomatic notes that it accepts the Amendments.37 |
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5.28 | Further amendment to the Annexes would require agreement between Contracting Parties. The Annexes may be amended by the addition of species where there is reliable evidence of migration of a species between Australia and China and Australia and Japan. The removal of species from the Annexes would require evidence that a species does not migrate between Australia and China or Australia and Japan.38 |
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5.29 | Either party may give 12 months written notice to terminate CAMBA or JAMBA at the end of the initial 15-year period or at any time thereafter.39 |
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Conclusion and recommendations |
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5.30 | The Committee believes that the changes to the annexes to CAMBA and JAMBA incorporate and reflect current scientific research in relation to certain species and more broadly allow Parties to continue to protect species of birds that migrate between their territories. |
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Recommendation 5
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Recommendation 6
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1 | A flyway is the route that a migratory bird travels, including places where birds rest and feed along their journey. The East Asian - Australasian Flyway extends from within the Arctic Circle through South-east Asia to Australia and New Zealand . Department of the Environment and Heritage, viewed 15 September 2006, <www.deh.gov.au>. Back |
2 | This Strategy addresses major migratory waterbird conservation issues in the Asia-Pacific region and broadly covers the breeding, staging and non-breeding areas of migratory birds using its flyways. It covers the Asian continent east of the Ural mountains and Sea of Azov , south to the Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf across all the countries of Asia and the former Soviet Union , to Alaska (USA), Australasia , and island countries and territories of the Pacific Ocean east to the Pitcairn Islands . The Department of Transport and Regional Services, viewed 15 September 2006 ,<www.daf.gov.au>. Back |
3 | WSSD is the World Summit on Sustainable Development. Back |
4 | The Type II Partnership is explained in paragraph 5.3. Back |
5 | CAMBA National Interest Analysis (CNIA), para. 4 and JAMBA National Interest Analysis (JNIA), para. 3. Back |
6 | Mr Jason Ferris , Transcript of Evidence, 11 September 2006 , p. 10. Back |
7 | Mr Jason Ferris, Transcript of Evidence, 11 September 2006, p. 11. Back |
8 | CNIA, para. 7 and JNIA, para. 6. Back |
9 | CNIA, para. 1. Back |
10 | JNIA, para. 1. Back |
11 | CNIA, para. 2. Back |
12 | CNIA, treaty text. Back |
13 | JNIA, para. 1. Back |
14 | JNIA, treaty text. Back |
15 | The Swain Reef is located at the southern end of the Great Barrier Reef system and is located about 10 nautical miles offshore with the closest mainland town being Gladstone or Rockhampton. Mr Jason Ferris and Dr Anna Lashko , Transcript of Evidence, 11 September 2006 , p. 9. Back |
16 | CNIA, para. 11 and JNIA, para. 8; Mr Jason Ferris , Transcript of Evidence, 11 September 2006 , p. 9. Back |
17 | CNIA, paras 9 and 10. Back |
18 | CNIA, para. 5 and JNIA, para. 4. Back |
19 | CNIA, para. 6 and JNIA, para. 5. Back |
20 | CNIA, para. 17 and JNIA, para. 12. Back |
21 | CNIA, para. 18 and JNIA, para. 13. Back |
22 | CNIA, para. 19 and JNIA, para. 14. Back |
23 | Mr Jason Ferris, Transcript of Evidence, 11 September 2006, p. 12. Back |
24 | Mr Jason Ferris, Transcript of Evidence, 11 September 2006, p. 13. Back |
25 | Mr Jason Ferris, Transcript of Evidence, 11 September 2006, p. 13. Back |
26 | Mr Jason Ferris, Transcript of Evidence, 11 September 2006, p. 10. Back |
27 | Dr Anna Lashko , Transcript of Evidence, 11 September 2006 , p. 14. Back |
28 | Mr Jason Ferris, Transcript of Evidence, 11 September 2006, p. 11. Back |
29 | Mr Jason Ferris, Transcript of Evidence, 11 September 2006, p. 10. Back |
30 | These agencies are: Land Water and Coasts Division, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage, Department of Primary Industries Water and Environment (Tasmania), Department of Primary Industries (Victoria), Department for Environment and Heritage (South Australia), Department of Conservation and Land Management (Western Australia), Department of Environment and Conservation (New South Wales), Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources (New South Wales), Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland), Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts (Northern Territory), and Environment ACT. Back |
31 | JNIA and CNIA, Consultation Annex, para. 1. Back |
32 | The task force comprises the agencies listed. Back |
33 | JNIA and CNIA, Consultation Annex, para. 2. Back |
34 | JNIA and CNIA, Consultation Annex, paras 2 and 3. Back |
35 | CNIA, para. 24 and JNIA, para. 18. Back |
36 | CNIA, para. 22 and JNIA, para. 16. Back |
37 | CNIA, para. 3 and JNIA, para. 16. Back |
38 | CNIA, para. 26 and JNIA, para. 22. Back |
39 | CNIA, para. 28 and JNIA, para. 23. Back |
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